Support "nearest" joinAsof strategy (#287)

This PR aims to support [`nearest` asof join
strategy](https://docs.rs/polars/0.43.1/polars/prelude/enum.AsofStrategy.html#variant.Nearest).
In brief, it changes:

- Add "nearest" type mapping to AsofStrategy::Nearest
- Add "nearest" option to typescript's typing
- Add testcase

Closes #286

__tests__/datelike.test.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ describe("datelike", () => {
           .Series([
             "2016-05-25 13:30:00.023",
             "2016-05-25 13:30:00.023",
-            "2016-05-25 13:30:00.030",
+            "2016-05-25 13:30:00.035",
             "2016-05-25 13:30:00.041",
             "2016-05-25 13:30:00.048",
             "2016-05-25 13:30:00.049",
@@ -90,7 +90,11 @@ describe("datelike", () => {
     out = quotes
       .joinAsof(trades, { on: "dates", strategy: "forward", tolerance: "5ms" })
       ["bid_right"].toArray();
-    expect(out).toEqual([51.95, 51.95, null, null, 720.77, null, null, null]);
+    expect(out).toEqual([51.95, 51.95, 51.95, null, 720.77, null, null, null]);
+    out = quotes
+      .joinAsof(trades, { on: "dates", strategy: "nearest", tolerance: "5ms" })
+      ["bid_right"].toArray();
+    expect(out).toEqual([51.95, 51.95, 51.95, 51.95, 98.0, 98.0, null, null]);
   });
   test("asofjoin tolerance grouper", () => {
     const df1 = pl.DataFrame({

polars/dataframe.ts

@@ -771,6 +771,10 @@ export interface DataFrame
    *  - A "forward" search selects the first row in the right DataFrame whose
    *    'on' key is greater than or equal to the left's key.
    *
+   *  - A "nearest" search selects the last row in the right DataFrame whose value
+   *    is nearest to the left's key. String keys are not currently supported for a
+   *    nearest search.
+   *
    * The default is "backward".
    *
    * @param other DataFrame to join with.
@@ -779,7 +783,7 @@ export interface DataFrame
    * @param options.on Join column of both DataFrames. If set, `leftOn` and `rightOn` should be undefined.
    * @param options.byLeft join on these columns before doing asof join
    * @param options.byRight join on these columns before doing asof join
-   * @param options.strategy One of 'forward', 'backward'
+   * @param options.strategy One of 'forward', 'backward', 'nearest'
    * @param options.suffix Suffix to append to columns with a duplicate name.
    * @param options.tolerance
    *   Numeric tolerance. By setting this the join will only be done if the near keys are within this distance.
@@ -852,7 +856,7 @@ export interface DataFrame
       byLeft?: string | string[];
       byRight?: string | string[];
       by?: string | string[];
-      strategy?: "backward" | "forward";
+      strategy?: "backward" | "forward" | "nearest";
       suffix?: string;
       tolerance?: number | string;
       allowParallel?: boolean;

polars/lazy/dataframe.ts

@@ -253,6 +253,10 @@ export interface LazyDataFrame extends Serialize, GroupByOps<LazyGroupBy> {
         - A "forward" search selects the first row in the right DataFrame whose
           'on' key is greater than or equal to the left's key.
 
+        - A "nearest" search selects the last row in the right DataFrame whose value
+          is nearest to the left's key. String keys are not currently supported for a
+          nearest search.
+
       The default is "backward".
 
       Parameters
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ export interface LazyDataFrame extends Serialize, GroupByOps<LazyGroupBy> {
       @param options.on Join column of both DataFrames. If set, `leftOn` and `rightOn` should be undefined.
       @param options.byLeft join on these columns before doing asof join
       @param options.byRight join on these columns before doing asof join
-      @param options.strategy One of {'forward', 'backward'}
+      @param options.strategy One of {'forward', 'backward', 'nearest'}
       @param options.suffix Suffix to append to columns with a duplicate name.
       @param options.tolerance
         Numeric tolerance. By setting this the join will only be done if the near keys are within this distance.
@@ -337,7 +341,7 @@ export interface LazyDataFrame extends Serialize, GroupByOps<LazyGroupBy> {
       byLeft?: string | string[];
       byRight?: string | string[];
       by?: string | string[];
-      strategy?: "backward" | "forward";
+      strategy?: "backward" | "forward" | "nearest";
       suffix?: string;
       tolerance?: number | string;
       allowParallel?: boolean;

src/lazy/dataframe.rs

@@ -307,7 +307,8 @@ impl JsLazyFrame {
         let strategy = match strategy.as_ref() {
             "forward" => AsofStrategy::Forward,
             "backward" => AsofStrategy::Backward,
-            _ => panic!("expected one of {{'forward', 'backward'}}"),
+            "nearest" => AsofStrategy::Nearest,
+            _ => panic!("expected one of {{'forward', 'backward', 'nearest'}}"),
         };
         let ldf = self.ldf.clone();
         let other = other.ldf.clone();