schema (ticdc): support exchange partition (#7118)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #7118

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #6322 #639

What is changed and how it works?

It is well commented in the code, plz take a look at it.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

Release note

Make CDC support exchange partition ddl.

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (release-6.3@e3bedc4). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is n/a.

Additional details and impacted files

Flag	Coverage Δ
cdc	67.1241% <0.0000%> (?)
dm	51.8686% <0.0000%> (?)
engine	62.9010% <0.0000%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-6.3      #7161   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   59.8676%           
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  Files                  ?        791           
  Lines                  ?      90954           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?      54452           
  Misses                 ?      31731           
  Partials               ?       4771           

[asddongmen]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: 5f477b1

[asddongmen]

/run-dm-integration-test
/run-kafka-integration-tests

[asddongmen]

/run-kafka-integration-tests

[asddongmen]

/run-kafka-integration-tests

[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: Your PR was out of date, I have automatically updated it for you.

At the same time I will also trigger all tests for you:

/run-all-tests

If the CI test fails, you just re-trigger the test that failed and the bot will merge the PR for you after the CI passes.

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the ti-community-infra/tichi repository.

[asddongmen]

/run-kafka-integration-tests
/run-unit-tests

[asddongmen]

/run-all-tests

[nongfushanquan]

/run-verify
/run-dm-compatibility-test