*(ticdc): split old update kv entry after restarting changefeed

[lidezhu]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #10918

What is changed and how it works?

When the downstream is mysql-compatiable, we change the logic to handle update events at restart

1. When start changefeed, we always get the current timestamp from pd(represented as thresholdTs later);
2. Previous behavior: when sink module receive an update event which commit ts is before thresholdTs, it split it into a delete event and a replace event, and then send them downstream;
3. Current behavior: when puller module receive an update kv entry which commit ts is before thresholdTs, it split into a delete kv entry and a insert kv entry, and then write them into sorter;
4. This change makes sure that inside a transaction which commit ts is before thresholdTs, all delete events will send downstream before insert events;

When the downstream is mysql-compatiable, We also change the logic to handle update events after the previous restart stage finishes

Previously, when meet a transaction with multiple update events which change the primary key or the not null unique key inside sink module, we always split them into delete events and replace events; This may cause data inconsistency problem as the following example:
Suppose a table t has the schema create table t(a int primary key), and it have two rows a=1 and a=2;
If a transaction contains two update events:

1. update t set a = 3 where a = 2;
2. update t set a = 2 where a = 1;

In the ideal scenario, we expect these two events to be splite into the following events:

1. delete from t where a = 2;
2. replace into t values(3);
3. delete from t where a = 1;
4. replace into t values(2);

After the transaction, table t have two rows a=2 and a=3;

But inside cdc, we cannot get the original order of these two update events, so these two update events may be split into the following events:

1. delete from t where a = 1;
2. replace into t values(2);
3. delete from t where a = 2;
4. replace into t values(3);

After the transaction, table t have only one row a=3;(Data inconsistency happens!)

So we do not split any update events inside sink module when the downstream is mysql, this may cause duplicate key entry error when the order to execute update events inside a transaction is wrong;
This error will cause changefeed to restart and enter the previous restart change, the update events will be split inside puller, and the delete events will be send before insert events;

When apply redo log

When apply redo log, split update events which update handle key to delete events and insert events, and cache the insert events until all delete events in the same transaction are emitted. If the insert events is too many(larger than 50), events will be written to a temp local file;

Check List

Tests

• Integration test
• Unit test

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

Release note

Fix potential risk of data inconsistency when there are dependencies between update statements in the same transaction.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 48.50498% with 155 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 57.4095%. Comparing base (be15534) to head (76ad8e6).

Additional details and impacted files

Components	Coverage Δ
cdc	61.6882% <48.5049%> (-0.0717%)	⬇️
dm	51.2335% <ø> (+0.0040%)	⬆️
engine	63.4161% <ø> (+0.0141%)	⬆️

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	57.4095% <48.5049%> (-0.0233%)	⬇️

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@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             master     #10919        +/-   ##
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- Coverage   57.4327%   57.4095%   -0.0233%     
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  Files           851        851                
  Lines        125230     125467       +237     
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+ Hits          71923      72030       +107     
- Misses        47914      48021       +107     
- Partials       5393       5416        +23     

[lidezhu]

/retest

[lidezhu]

/retest

[lidezhu]

/retest

[lidezhu]

/retest

[lidezhu]

/retest

[asddongmen]

/review default

[sdojjy]

/retest-required

[lidezhu]

/run-cherry-picker

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.1: #11027.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-6.5: #11028.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-7.1: #11029.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-7.5: #11030.