ddl: Fix corner case of FLASHBACK DATABASE (#8536)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #8536

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #8506

Problem Summary:

If the Region snapshot arrived TiFlash after the database has been dropped, then we can not successfully create the Storage instance because we can not fetch the DatabaseInfo from TiKV. And also DatabaseInfo can not be fetch by "mvcc get".

tiflash/dbms/src/TiDB/Schema/SchemaBuilder.cpp

Lines 1454 to 1465 in a46271d

	if (storage == nullptr)
	{
	auto db_info = getter.getDatabase(database_id);
	if (db_info == nullptr)
	{
	LOG_ERROR(log, "database is not exist in TiKV, applyTable need retry, database_id={}", database_id);
	return false;
	}
	// Create the instance with the latest table info
	// If the table info is get by mvcc, it means the table is actually in "dropped" status
	applyCreateStorageInstance(db_info, table_info, get_by_mvcc);

What is changed and how it works?

To successfully create a Storage instance (applyCreateStorageInstance), we don't need the DatabaseInfo, a DatabaseID is sufficient. We are rewriting methods in SchemaBuilder to replace the methods with DatabaseInfo by DatabaseID. So that we can create those Storage instances and decode the Raft logs or snapshots after a database is dropped and the data can be "flashback" later.
What's more, avoiding fetching the DatabaseInfo from TiKV can speed up syncing schema.

For those methods that need the DatabaseInfo to get the database name in TiDB to rename tables, we fetch the DatabaseInfo from the local cache because the applyDiff that calls those methods should be applied before the "drop database" SchemaDiff.

Add a failpoint to pause pre-handling snapshot for testing.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

None

[JaySon-Huang]

/run-all-tests

[JaySon-Huang]

/run-all-tests

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: JaySon-Huang, Lloyd-Pottiger

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• OWNERS [JaySon-Huang,Lloyd-Pottiger]

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2023-12-18 06:38:58.439845928 +0000 UTC m=+856629.477072850: ☑️ agreed by JaySon-Huang.
• 2023-12-18 07:17:18.606831373 +0000 UTC m=+858929.644058300: ☑️ agreed by Lloyd-Pottiger.