table: fix issue of get default value from column when column doesn't have default value (#51309)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #51309

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #50043, close #51324

Problem Summary:

• fix issue assertion failed when inserting some rows #50043 that get wrong default value when column doesn't have default value.
• fix issue of default value of column with no default value behavior is not compatible with mysql 8.0.29 #51324 that default value of column with no default value behavior is not compatible with mysql 8.0.29

What changed and how does it work?

This PR reverts some changes introduced by #35072 and use another way to check ErrNoDefaultValue before insert.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-02-28 07:25:02.049687131 +0000 UTC m=+1033190.797310241: ☑️ agreed by zimulala.
• 2024-02-28 07:25:08.168974872 +0000 UTC m=+1033196.916597969: ☑️ agreed by Defined2014.

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Defined2014, lcwangchao, zimulala

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[crazycs520]

/test mysql-test

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/test mysql-test

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[crazycs520]

/test unit-test

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/test unit-test

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (release-6.5@61be008). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is 93.9393%.

Additional details and impacted files

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