server: support partitioned table for the /mvcc/* HTTP API (#14197)

[sre-bot]

cherry-pick #14197 to release-3.0

---

What problem does this PR solve?

mysql> show create table xx;
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| xx    | CREATE TABLE `xx` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ts` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `i_ts` (`ts`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin
PARTITION BY RANGE ( `id` ) (
  PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1),
  PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),
  PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1000),
  PARTITION pn VALUES LESS THAN (10000)
) |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from xx;
+------+---------------------+
| id   | ts                  |
+------+---------------------+
|    1 | 2019-12-30 12:23:33 |
+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

Use the table(partition) name pattern to work on the partitioned table.

➜  tidb git:(mvcc-http-api) curl 'http://127.0.0.1:10080/mvcc/key/test/xx(p1)/1'  
{
 "key": "7480000000000000515F728000000000000001",
 "region_id": 1017,
 "value": {
  "info": {
   "writes": [
    {
     "start_ts": 413431571564199937,
     "commit_ts": 413431571577307137,
     "short_value": "CAIIAggECYCAgIjeiL/SGQ=="
    }
   ]
  }
 }
}

➜  tidb git:(mvcc-http-api) curl http://127.0.0.1:10080/mvcc/index/test/xx\(p1\)/i_ts/1\?ts\=2019-12-30%2004:23:33 
{
 "key": "7480000000000000515F6980000000000000010419A4FC45E1000000038000000000000001",
 "region_id": 1017,
 "value": {
  "info": {
   "writes": [
    {
     "start_ts": 413431571564199937,
     "commit_ts": 413431571577307137,
     "short_value": "MA=="
    }
   ]
  }
 }
}

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)

Related changes

• Need to update the documentation

[sre-bot]

/run-all-tests

[tiancaiamao]

PTAL @zimulala @Deardrops @jackysp

[Deardrops]

LGTM

[zimulala]

LGTM

[sre-bot]

/run-all-tests