information_schema: Add links

[Oreoxmt]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Add links to I_S pages where applicable

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

Tips for choosing the affected version(s):

By default, CHOOSE MASTER ONLY so your changes will be applied to the next TiDB major or minor releases. If your PR involves a product feature behavior change or a compatibility change, CHOOSE THE AFFECTED RELEASE BRANCH(ES) AND MASTER.

For details, see tips for choosing the affected versions (in Chinese).

• master (the latest development version)
• v8.1 (TiDB 8.1 versions)
• v8.0 (TiDB 8.0 versions)
• v7.6 (TiDB 7.6 versions)
• v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)
• v6.1 (TiDB 6.1 versions)
• v5.4 (TiDB 5.4 versions)
• v5.3 (TiDB 5.3 versions)
• v5.2 (TiDB 5.2 versions)
• v5.1 (TiDB 5.1 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from: information_schema: Add links docs#17251
• Other reference link(s):

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• Delete files
• Change aliases
• Need modification after applied to another branch
• Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

[qiancai]

Suggested change

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

[qiancai]

Is the following change needed for information-schema/information-schema.md (https://github.com/pingcap/docs/pull/17251/files#diff-af901fcf2c80c7a2e8e277df009f5454dbdd631c9298f1cfd46d9197c3baaefd)?

from: 许多 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表都有相应的 SHOW 命令。
to: 许多 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 表都可以通过相应的 SHOW 语句查看。

[qiancai]

Rest LGTM

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-05-14 07:22:52.678720251 +0000 UTC m=+1551526.435855824: ☑️ agreed by qiancai.

[Oreoxmt]

/approve

[ti-chi-bot]

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[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.0: #17330.