Improve expression resolving of superglobals

[herndlm]

⚠️ This is a re-do of #2012 which caused performance issues. ⚠️

I tried to do some simple testing, but didn't notice much of a difference on where I ran this (a VM, don't have anything better right now, sorry):

before:

→ hyperfine --prepare 'php bin/phpstan clear-result-cache -q' 'php -d memory_limit=448M bin/phpstan'
Benchmark 1: php -d memory_limit=448M bin/phpstan
  Time (mean ± σ):     73.668 s ±  1.285 s    [User: 262.490 s, System: 3.837 s]
  Range (min … max):   72.091 s … 76.341 s    10 runs

after:

→ hyperfine --prepare 'php bin/phpstan clear-result-cache -q' 'php -d memory_limit=448M bin/phpstan'
Benchmark 1: php -d memory_limit=448M bin/phpstan
  Time (mean ± σ):     73.868 s ±  0.507 s    [User: 264.315 s, System: 3.717 s]
  Range (min … max):   73.323 s … 75.092 s    10 runs

it would be interesting if #2012 (comment) still happens and, if so, if we can get more details here to maybe improve it before I forget about this again.