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Ethics Statement Project
ShweataNHegde edited this page May 25, 2021
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PMR, Daniel Meitchen, Shweata N. Hegde
Daniel Meitchen: While the research ecosystem is moving towards increased openness, the speed of this shift varies. For example, the process of ethical review and appraisal of scholarly research remains largely hidden from the public and even from interested observers, which impedes standardization, harmonization and interoperability, both within and across communities. A recent development in parts of biomedicine and related fields has been the systematic addition of ethics statements in publications, so as to provide some information about the ethical aspects of the reported research. Here, we propose to mine such statements for information about the process and to convert this into structured information.
More on the idea here: https://github.com/Daniel-Mietchen/ideas/issues/499
- Create a dictionary with commonly used phrases (engrams) in Ethics Statements
- Pull out identifiers from these statements
- Pull out Ethics Committees and add them to Wikidata
- I wanted to get a feel for how many papers have Ethics Statements. I tried an exploratory topic-wise breakdown on a corpus of 100. In some cases, the papers didn't have an explicit Ethics Statement section and were buried within the methods.
pygetpapers -q "(PUB_TYPE:'Clinical Trial') AND ('cancer')" -k 100 -o e_cancer_clinical_trial -x
ami -p e_cancer_clinical_trial section
From a rough skim through using Windows directory search bar, I found almost all the papers have Ethics Statements. However, the placement of the statement within the paper, varied.
pygetpapers -q "stem cell" -k 100 -o e_stem_cell -x
ami -p e_stem_cell section
Roughly 20-25% of the papers had Ethics Statements.
pygetpapers -q "genetically modified crops" -k 100 -o e_genetically_modified_crops -x
ami -p e_genetically_modified_crops section
Most of the hits were false positives (i.e., had nothing to do with GM crops). ~10-15 papers had Ethics Statement.
pygetpapers -q "transgenic plants" -k 100 -o e_transgenic_plants -x
ami -p e_transgenic_plants section
None had Ethics Statements.
- not required/ not applicable
-<notes>
<title>Declarations</title>
-<notes id="FPar1">
<title>Ethics approval and consent to participate</title>
<p id="Par41">Not applicable.</p>
- reviewed and approved by
- informed consent
- human participants
- animal study
- written informed consent
- potentially identifiable images
...
<p>The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Ninth People’s Hospital (approval NO. SH9H-2020-TK60-1).
The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
The animal study was reviewed and approved by Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Ninth People’s Hospital (approval NO. SH9H-2020-A132-1).
Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.</p>
PMC8049442
- our institute committee (makes it hard to pull out the organization name)
<p>The study involving clinical outcome of human participants was reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Board. /
The patients/participants provided their written informed consent before treatment.</p>
PMC8019941
- national and institution requirements (which nation? which institute?)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_committee_(European_Union)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_review_board
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<notes id="FPar1">
<title>Ethics approval and consent to participate</title>
<p id="Par76">The study has been approved by the medical ethics committee Utrecht (MEC18/712). The medical ethics committee Utrecht belongs to the UMC Utrecht and the Prinses Máxima Center. Reference number SL/rc/19/009541. The study will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (10th version, Fortaleza 2013) and in concordance with the Dutch Medical Research Improving Human Subjects Act (WMO) and other applicable guidelines, regulations and acts.</p>
-<p id="Par77">
Authorships will be defined following the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors guidelines [
<xref rid="CR23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
].
</p>
<p id="Par78">The patients treating physicians, local investigator or research nurse of the participating hospitals will follow ICH-GCP and other applicable regulations in informing the patient and obtaining consent. This includes explaining the CONNECTION-II study to the patient, providing him/her with information such as the expected efficacy and possible side effects, and that refusal to participate will not influence further options for therapy. Before informed consent may be obtained, the investigator should provide the patient ample time and opportunity to inquire about details of the trial and to decide whether or not to participate in the trial. All questions about the trial should be answered to the satisfaction of the patient. Only after written informed consent, the patient will be included in this study. The inclusion has to take place shortly after diagnosis to prevent delay in treatment.</p>
<p id="Par79">Patients are well informed that participation in voluntary and that they may withdraw at any point during the study.</p>
</notes>
MOVE make_dictionary
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trial protocol complies declaration helsinki 29] ethical guidelines clinical ministry health, labour, welfare, japan 30]. ethical approval trial obtained ethics committee ycu hospital may 2017. protocol informed consent documents ycu hospital ethics committee. trial clinical trial act japan registered japan registry clinical trials (jrct) jrcts031180094 hospital medical information network (umin) clinical trials registry umin000029926. participants submit written participation informed consent form. project regional board ethics stockholm (dnr 2012/221431/4) swedish ethical review authority (dnr 202001356). new model rehabilitation compared similar care patients given todays care delivery. yet, control receive less attention intervention find unethical ask patients come phc, pay visit receive, example, stretching exercises. addition, challenging motivate physiotherapists phc offer treatment. ethics committee xuan hospital, capital medical university. according requirements ethics committee, clinical conducted enrolled patients signed informed consent forms. design consistent principles declaration helsinki. recorded anonymously protect patient privacy. trial registered may chinese clinical trial registry website http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx). registration number chictr2000032628. documentation informed consent required enrolled patients initiation. participating patients informed purpose significance study, benefits possible risks participation, confidentiality study. enrolled patients opportunity ask questions receive answers. irbs korea anam hospital (2020an0020), ajou hospital (ajirb-med-t12-19-479). current protocol 1.3. investigators obtain written informed consent participant prior initiation clinical trial. conducted compliance helsinki declaration according good clinical practice described mfds. participants identified identification number assigned beginning protect confidentiality. clinical trial documents stored locked cabinets password-protected computer files. authorized researchers access data. results trial communicated via publication scientific journal conference. protocol, patient information sheet declaration informed consent form evaluated ethics committee medical faculty heidelberg (s-203/2019). principles good clinical practice (gcp) guidelines supervised mentioned independent dsmb. patients must informed consent participate trial written form enrollment. trial also federal radiation safety agency germany (z522464/2019102-g). trial conducted according good clinical practice guidelines principles declaration helsinki (2013, 22]). medical ethical committee biobank committee amsterdam umc, location amc. protocol registered dutch central committee involving human subjects (nl67600.018.18) submitted trialregister.nl database (nl8261). conducted accordance principles expressed declaration helsinki, good clinical practice guidelines spirit (standard protocol items: recommendations interventional trials) guidelines. protocol 1.0 institutional review board keio hospital may institutional review board following participating center: tohoku hospital, niigata cancer center hospital, national cancer center hospital, nagoya hospital, kyoto hospital, wakayama medical hospital, national hospital organization kyushu cancer center. written informed consent obtained enrolled participants. institutional review board shanghai changhai hospital (ref. chec2019-070 chec2019-082). compliance applicable local legislation accordance ethical principles declaration helsinki 2013. eligible patients well informed purpose schedule study. written informed consent obtained physicians nurses patients decide participate. clinical confidentially collected members. findings disseminated publication peer-reviewed scientific journals well relevant medical conferences. protocol v.1.0 clinical review board saitama medical september (no. 192002) institutional review board participating institutions patient enrolment. complies latest declaration helsinki, clinical trial act related notifications. written informed consent obtained patients registration. personal information remain confidential, de-identified participant numbers. clinical review boards saitama medical (approved number 192002) institutes. ethics committee sun yat-sen memorial hospital ([2018]03) accordance standards declaration helsinki. written informed consent obtained participants study. methods accordance relevant guidelines regulations. protocol line helsinki declaration related laws. conducted ethical review accordance declaration regulations, trial ethics committee hangzhou normal affiliated hospital. trial also registered china clinical trial center registration number chictr1800016178. subjects sign written informed consent form retain copy receiving treatment, qualified ethics committee. study, follow requirements ethics committee. trial london-surrey borders ethics committee (15/lo/0539). first participant enrolled october 2015. recruitment scheduled complete spring 2020. expected trial report 2022, following results disseminated via peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations submission regulatory authorities. plan submit peer-reviewed journal relevant conference. ethic approval document needed employ individual data. formal ethical approval required, primary patient collected scoping review. plan publish full scoping review peer-reviewed journal present results national international scientific conferences. medical ethics review committee harbin medical cancer hospital registered chinese clinical trial (registration number: chictr2000030878). protocol conducted accordance principles declaration helsinki 33] sichuan regional ethics review committee traditional chinese medicine (approval no. 2019kl-072). also, trial registered chinese clinical trial registry (registration no. chictr2000039161). trial accomplished strictly followed principles medical ethics outlined updated declaration helsinki. ethics committee chengdu second people's hospital, china (ethics reference: 2020077). committee ethical approval committee organized leading professors fields. obtained participants advance written signed informed consent. trial registered www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=63281&htm=4 (chictr2000040942) december 16, reported squared consort statement, 19] well stricta (standards reporting interventions clinical trials acupuncture). 20] chinese cochrane center responsible whole trial including randomization, blinding, statistical analyses, management, monitoring. trial conducted accordance declaration helsinki. ethics committee cancer hospital, chinese academy medical sciences beijing chaoyang hospital, capital medical university. patients provided written informed consent. enrolled patient provided written informed consent. present regional ethical review board uppsala, sweden (dnr 2016/230/2) registered clinicaltrials.gov (nct04586517), registered october, 2020. accordance declaration helsinki written informed consent according gdpr guidelines obtained participants. collections biological material blood tissue stored according regional biobank uppsala. results disseminated presentations scientific meetings, publications peer-reviewed journals, social media, patient organizations. sharing plan established, de-identified individual participant characteristics main outcomes made available reasonable request results published. protocol conforms helsinki declaration clinical ethics committee hospital. experiment already registered (osf)(registration number: doi 10.17605/osf.io/qhw86). fully inform patients families potential risks study. patients families required sign written informed consent form. patients free choose whether continue trial study. scheme line helsinki declaration clinical ethics committee hospital. experiment registered open science framework (osf) (registration number: doi 10.17605/osf.io/6hb9d). randomly divided groups, patients required sign written informed consent form completely free choose whether continue trial time. flow chart shown protocol line helsinki declaration clinical ethics committee hospital. experiment registered open science framework (osf) (registration number: doi 10.17605/osf.io/9zw34). randomization, patients sign written informed consent. freely choose whether continue trial time.
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keywords None
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specifically mongi slim hospital, marsa, tunisia, local hospital ethics committee (approval number 05/2018) march th, written consent obtained. enrolment first patient started august 2018. protocols originally written french, registered clinicaltrials.org (nct03741907) november 2018, enrolment participants started, due administrative english translation process delay, registration "clinicaltrials.gov" mandated tunisian law, covered legal aspects study. full protocol available clinicaltrials.gov site. collection conducted compliance tunisian laws regarding personal protection. confirm ongoing related trials procedure registered. approval granted cprd independent scientific advisory committee (isac 14_159r2). patient received cprd fully anonymised. ethics board saskatchewan provided ethical approval [beh#:16-437] laboratory animal conducted biosafety level spaces inspected importing prion agents department agriculture, animal plant health inspection service, veterinary services. studies done accordance guide care use laboratory animals (institute laboratory animal resources, national academy sciences, washington, dc, usa) guide care use agricultural animals teaching (federation animal science societies, champaign, il, usa). protocols institutional animal care use committee national animal disease center (protocol numbers: ars-2777), require species-specific training animal care staff handling animals. observational educational topic voluntary participation, participant utilized pseudo-anonymized manner; therefore, ethics committee approval required. milans ethical committee (allegato comitato etico 21.04.20parere numero 35/20). written informed consent, ethical committee, signed every subject participating (or parents legal representants case minors age). fully anonymized analysis. subject provided written informed consent publication case (including publication images). concept accordance declaration helsinki principles local ethics committee. subject given written informed consent publish case (including publication images). concept accordance declaration helsinki principles, local ethics committee. uniklinik rwth aachen (uka) large maximum-care hospital western germany beds nearly inpatients annually. intensive care units (icus) consist interdisciplinary icus (103 beds), medical icus (36 beds) neurological intensive care unit adults, well neonatal/pediatric intensive care unit. 2008, service uka founded clinical ethics committee resolution management board hospital thereby answered joint initiative institute history, theory ethics medicine clinic palliative medicine (with institutions headed medically trained directors). committee members (part special, certified training ethics consultation), multidisciplinary initially defined consultation, education policy (all upon request) main tasks. so, primarily aimed patients, relatives professionals ethically complex conflicts decision-making. committee drew rules procedure 2009, address issue recommendation giving ethics consultations detail. however, common understanding founding members consultations aiming ethics facilitation accordance asbh guidelines (facilitating principled resolution within boundaries widely accepted ethical principles 15]), also include recommendation giving. rules procedure, example, state committee member forced participate consultation recommendation. pure facilitation approach never intended committee. first contact consultation requests clinical ethicist (key contact person), worked physician specializing clinical ethics ethics consultation. additional training mediation. three members committee nonclinicians (pastors ethicist), remaining members physicians, nurses case managers two qualifications (physician ethicist). initially, number consultation requests uka low, case many services germany 16] internationally 14, 17], requests annually. 2010/2011, service implemented additional ethics rounds structure continuous discussion ethical aspects patient-centered rounds intensive care units. usually, clinical ethicist participates roundsprovides based professional expertise, neededand ensures reflection process follows given rules. addition usual daily treatment plan resulting interdisciplinary communication, ethics rounds, whole team explicitly reflects ethical aspects discussion patient, including patient wishes, end-of-life issues, issues patient autonomy, surrogate decision-making differing perspectives among staff appropriate. initiative prompted icu teams, ethics rounds implemented 2011. time, requests ethics consultation rose requests annually, 80% coming intensive care units. service uka addresses consultation requests tiered approach always starts facilitation efforts one several meetings parties involved clarification value uncertainties mediate case conflict. facilitation efforts result four outcomes: facilitation succeeds resolution clarification value uncertainties, parties able reach consensus regarding example next steps treatment plan limitation therapy.it succeed developing resolution clarification clients wish proceed subsequent meeting conventional consultation setting, service typically gives recommendation, i.e., offers advice ethically best course action could be.the resolution clarification developed facilitated meeting seem ethically unsupportable (i.e. clearly incompatible widely accepted ethical principles) perspective service. service proceeds subsequent meeting conventional consultation setting, typically gives recommendation.as additional option example urgent cases typically request clients, recommendation given end first facilitated meeting without conventional consultation meeting. cases, committee member involved switch roles meeting (from facilitator consultant). usually, three five members committee (key contact person, one chairperson one three members) take part conventional consultations. facilitated meetings, contrast, usually conducted one two members committee (key contact person chairperson/other member). provide four questions address various potential concerns editorial practices journals. shows responses reveal editors agree concerns raised three four questions. editors tend neutral/agree views use one reviewer inappropriate journals (average score 3.7 entropy .77) tend also agree avoid sending manuscripts reviewers known bias (average score 3.8 entropy .76). average editors tend neutral statement editors allowed publish journals. here, average score 3.1. however, little consensus views high relative entropy score .91). percent editors either strongly disagree disagree view, another percent editors agree strongly agree view. finally, editors sensitivities potential concerns editorial practices appear get way realism. editors tend believe important/very important submitted article cites articles editors journal references (with average score 3.5 important important, entropy measure .81). ordered probit results tables show three questions concerning ethics editorial practices differences views associated characteristics. first question true asks inappropriateness use one reviewer. estimated coefficients editorial position associate editor) editors sex female) positive statistically significant. indicates associate editors relative lead editors/co-editors women editors relative male editors likely strongly agree agree statement. characteristic showing statistically relationship views question rank top 25%. here, estimated coefficient negative indicating editors top journals likely strongly disagree disagree statement. largest differences views associated journal rank. among male lead editors, edit top-ranked journals percentage points less likely strongly agree agree statement editors lower ranked journals. second question section editorial practices asks editors avoid sending manuscripts reviewers likely bias particular paper. coefficient estimate affiliation negative statistically indicating editors affiliation tend disagree statement editors outside us. editors affiliation percentage points less likely strongly agree agree editors outside us. final question editorial practices showing differences responses characteristics asks important submitted article cites articles journal references. journal rank plays statistically role differences views quite large. results show editors top journals likely view extremely important important editors lower ranked journals. editors top journals percentage points likely view extremely important important editor lower ranked journals. taken total, differences views emerge ethics editorial practices show editors may concerns potential fairness practices, concerns vary depending whether editing top-ranked journal whether affiliation. editors top-ranked journals editors residing less likely issues editorial practices raised questions others may view problematic. signed informed consent obtained patient attached manuscript. ethics remain important consideration research, ensures confidentiality safety participants, researchers, challenge unacceptable human behaviour (resnik shamoo, 2015). reason, entire process mandates researcher protect participants harm may occur result process (mcmillan schumacher, 2010). adhere custom, necessary ethical issues taken consideration. free state faculty education ethics review committee (ethical clearance number ufs-hsd2019/0093/0205) granted researchers ethical clearance study. also granted ministry education training berea district school principals lesotho. moreover, consent teachers well assent learner sought granted. consent assent letters made ensure participants understand details entire process commences. particular instance, consent assent forms written explained participants first language (in case sesotho). also, bigger font used lvis ensure fairness ethics process (creswell, 2014). participants also made aware right participate withdraw stage (cohen al., 2011). generation methods (focus collage discussions), researchers ensured rights participants violated throughout process (cohen al., 2011). pseudonyms used throughout ensure anonymity potential harm (bertram christian, 2014). therefore, researchers drew number universal ethical principles, as, articles universal declaration bioethics human rights (unesco), declaration helsinki (world medical association, 2013), ethical approaches gathering information children adolescents international settings (schenk williamson, 2005) ensure principles human dignity, human rights, privacy, confidentiality adhered to. improving well-being learners visual impairments rural lesotho schools means asset-based approach. ethical valid months date issue. request made changes may take place course submitted ethics office ensure ethical transparency. additionally, final report also submitted. approval institutional review board hospital obtained (irb centre hospitalier universitaire regional caremeau, nimes, france n15/06.07). procedures accordance ethical standards helsinki declaration later amendments comparable ethical standards. written informed consents obtained patients included. identification disclosed. possible ethical behavior exist business beyond convenient save costs transactions achieve customer loyalty? foundations changed technologies, available resources, environmental limitations, accumulated knowledge experience, way changes led institutionalization new behaviors, new emotions ideas, consequently, new forms ethics social practice? new institutionalization (north 2005) involve changes world concept one part culture social practices, new ideas management strategies relevant weight encourage change? contribute policies fight inequality? know extent ethical practices business help change perhaps visions business major importance evolution capitalism compatiblewith major synergieswith objectives maximize profits achieve common good (crane al. 2014; porter kramer 2006, 2011). maximize profit, yes, represent inconvenience search corporate social responsibility commitment part strategys central focus, company includes proposal search best options. paper crane al. 2014) comprehensive relation idea explained parallel way scope social entrepreneurship leads synthesis company seeks earn profits time. articles auvinet lloret 2015) peris-ortiz 2015) shed light issue. purpose productionthe use resources human effortis meet unsatisfied individual social needs meet new needs; move beyond basic needs, issue difficult view clearly; however, continues mark necessary commitment economic system human species itself. talk new forms morality behavior business new forms reflection ethical concepts management sectoralthough minorities, reality, talking connection corporate actions peoples needs basic levels terms greater sophistication. clearly shown auvinet lloret ibid., 2015), several examples provide entrepreneurship combines solving social problems earning profits. need solve former provides opportunity obtain latter, joint indivisible purpose strategy. material circumstances, technologies, resources, available know-how fields, capacity understand world changed; however, reference great ideas dominant ideologies economy, hindered discourses changed little since post-keynesian monetarism (friedman 1962) even since outset marginalist economy (jevons 1871). changes micro-micro dimension economy corresponding strategic decisions corporate managers, case, introducing ethics, still produced changes economic thought comparable produced berle means 1932. perhaps paper berle means, evident managers sought particular acting beyond control shareholders, basic issue, easy understand, still understoodor understood minority waythat current material cultural context, economic ethics converge, perhaps higher advantage derived separation. tendency toward economy whose companiesor increasingly relevant number theminclude strategies among objectives aligned social responsibility seems manifesting numerous ways. confirmed business roundtable recent statement purpose corporation (19/08/1919), includes necessary commitment customers, employees, suppliers, communities corporation works, shareholders; accordingly shown recommendations proposed organizations institute business ethics (ibe) proposes rules benchmarking procedures guarantee creation ethical contents relation stakeholders. along line, possible view academic papers special recent decades (burke logsdon 1996; burton mansell 2019; carroll 1989, 1999; crane al. 2014; donaldson dunfee 1994; freeman al. 2004; hart 2005; mcwilliams siegel 2001; porter kramer 2006; windsor 2006), feature business ethics central focus divided two major aspects, (donaldson dunfee 1994, 252253): investigates based legislative focus essentially founded philosophy supports profoundly explore matters related ethics corporations, empirical techniques, specific theoretical framework management market studies. results revealed participants could easily identify problems pose ethical dilemmas. responses statements questioned issues (m4, e6, me4) found homogenous large extent. instance, statement commercials made food agriculture sectors evaluated carefully sectors (m4), participants. finding line studies, revealed food commercials appearing internet influence childrens eating habits (boyland whalen 2015). also, world health organization reported commercial promotion energy dense nutrient-poor foods increase prevalence childhood obesity (world health organization 2016). works, consumption healthy food encouraged, need policy measures reduce prevalence obesity obesity related diseases emphasized. problems, involve ethical dilemma, participants responses varied, rate neither agree, disagree increased, differences arising participants personal characteristics observed. participants responses cross-questions, aim reveal attitudes case ethical dilemmas, clearly demonstrated fact well difficulty participants faced giving consistent response. example, seen responses given statements (r1) ethical discussion food-agriculture system possible areas regulated via laws legislations (r8) wont problem food agriculture system appropriate policies relevant regulations developed highly inconsistent. although participants asserted legislative regulations would eliminate ethical problems, (69%) also argued problems would solved appropriate legislations (fig. 1). discrepancy opinions could explained lack knowledge ethics. addition, also deduced participants believed regulations appropriate legislations would still fall short eliminating societys worries. give example, u.s., fda responsible approval food additives recognizing safe. study, discussed possible food controllers manufacturers, argued independent reviews determination food additives would appropriate (neltner al. 2013). participants views legislative regulations would sufficient solving ethical problems interpreted though expect legal regulations reflected practice well. statements involved ethical dilemmas believe information pollution misinformation food agriculture fields ill intentioned (e5), value protecting producer protecting consumer (e8), ethically correct consume agricultural food products somewhere close possible produced soon possible (e9). seen participants could come common agreement dilemmatic issues rate neither agree, disagree increased significantly statements (fig. 2). rates agree disagree also found significantly close kind statements, morally arguable. addition, notion ethics morals accepted majority participant professionals (me1). difficulty professionals coming judgement situations involve ethical dilemmas lack knowledge basic concepts ethics suggest need receive education issue. fact, 70% participants expressed willingness take part educational practices agricultural food ethics (e1). since ethics field knowledge taught, believe responding participants need education ethical responsibility. ethics education deep-rooted past health practices (miles al. 1989). known academic researches education agricultural food ethics encouraged, international public debates issue held past two decades (eursafe 1999). recently, agricultural food ethics varied current ethics education, development relevant curricula attempted (costa 2018). results obtained confirm attempts necessary significant, acquiring knowledge ethics professionals make sound evaluation regulations, ethics, meta-ethics. difference professions terms perception ethical problems explained lack common perspective ethics education. participants expressed negative opinion sustainability agricultural policies effectiveness controls ensuring safety food agricultural sector (fig. 1). instance, half participants (53%) agree statement think restricting gmos technology groundless, long adverse effects human health verified, argued use gmos technology restricted (m2). nevertheless, along scientific technological advances turkey, regulation genetically modified organisms products issued aims eliminating risks arise genetically modified organisms products obtained modern biotechnology, protect human, animal plant health, well environment biodiversity (official gazette 2010). although legislative regulations available control production consumption gmo products, seen participants still lacked confidence food controls within sector. reported literature participation local administrations food assessment control eliminating negative opinions (maron 2006). addition, studies highlighting importance developing sustainable policies centered increase safety food production distribution, degree scientific technological applications used, labeling gmo products, effect development assessment food guidelines improving health protective effect community health environment (jefferson 2006; wahlqvist kuo 2009; watanabe al. 2009; dizon al. 2016; alles al. 2017; zaganjor al. 2018). like many countries struggling unhealthy dietary trends, turkey also attempting develop effective food agricultural policy meet needs country todays conditions (recanati al. 2019). stated problems overcome trusting rule law adopting ethical principles individual institutional levels (koc 2020). context, accepted success food policies possible national international solidarity (koc 2020). seen fig. rate participants thought government adopt positive discrimination agricultural producers-provide agricultural subsidieswas quite low (57%). explained participants disapproval available agricultural subsidies, rather premise deem agricultural subsidies ineffective tool. therefore, unexpected finding interpreted comprehensive future study. participants asked rank five universal seven professional ethics order importance, found difference justice deemed important universal value (fig. food safety deemed important professional value (fig. 5). parallel finding, also seen participants put forward corruption biggest ethical problem food agriculture sector, expressed common concern toward problem (fig. 6). obtained present research, policy adopted agricultural food system turkey. concerned problems caused policy. context, justice production, marketing, consumption processes. excessive use fertilizer-feed (fast growing), tag-content fraud, unconscious use medication (residue), industrial insemination (hybrid-gd0), pollution environment (soil, water, air, pasture), informal transactions (corruption) reported among factors led ethical problems (uysal 2019). similar findings literature, results demonstrated food waste occurring whole process, production consumption, deemed big ethical problem participants (gediklioglu 2017). characterization hunger problems access food adequate, balanced, nutritional diet, rather lack food acknowledged (mishra 2012). respect, findings showed participants ranked various ethical problems close other. problem affects peoples lives directly inequality access food. common good, good shared every member society, closely related eliminating barriers obstructing access food, respect human rights, ensuring social justice (azetsop joy 2013). hence, notion organization food agriculture system actually public concern ethics participants prioritized. concept justice handled variety aspects food agriculture system. instance, issues fair trade laws practices, availability accessibility affordable food, sustainability associated justice (tansey 2017). study, issue justice addressed comprehensive manner (e.g., issue ecosystems also covered), participants agreed related statement protection natural resources ecosystems question justice future generations. approval 19-2, rakuno gakuen medical ethics review committees human subjects. ethics committee peking union medical college hospital (s-700). patients received verbal written informed consent. patients cognitive impairment (such sedation), family members asked provide consent. anonymous kept confidential. majority guidelines report set ethically unacceptable criteria, including gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion political vision. justified basis equality principle respect human dignity human rights framework 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 35]. guidelines place specific attention age, cannot assumed criterion 26, 29, 33], disability 24, 28, 30, 39]; groups considered vulnerable people, specific attention particular effort made ensure equal rights treatments 11]. despite this, important point controversy age issue. example, swiss ethical guideline, declaring avoid discrimination based age, uses age limit exclusion criteria certain situation 33]. belgian document states age isolation cannot used triage decisions, integrated clinical parameters: frailty reduced cognition. specifically described independent predictors outcome elderly patients admitted icu, but, mentioned above, would effective combination age 29]. transparency, reasonableness, inclusiveness, openness uniform application triage criteria levels care important reference principles ensure non-arbitrariness final decision 11, 22, 25, 26, 37]. procedures decision making respect human dignity 11], clinicians act honesty integrity 38]. involvement health care professionals directly involved provision intensive care also underlined mitigate negative effects pressure doctors teams 25], collective decision made hoc medical committee often required 34, 36, 39]. on-going revision guidelines, triage criteria decisions also reiterated aspect ensure best possible treatments always guaranteed patient 36, 37]. since difficult decisions, presence local ethics committees, ethicists, form support, including psychological, aimed managing reducing moral distress health care professionals 21, 25, 30, 32, 34, 36, 37], considered important aid distributing strengthening sense responsibility, applying ethical guidelines daily practice and, finally, making difficult decisions facing direct dilemmas, especially extremely complex situations suspension already initiated treatments required. ethical guidelines also noted application structured decision-making process identification persons responsible decision fundamental guarantee patient, family members community trust pact alliance relationship care based current emergency could dramatically corrupt 21]. quality improvement initiative, project deemed exempt ethics review saskatchewan ethics board. ethics review often noted international documents frequently discussed important safeguard collected individuals research. two h3africa documents suggested ethics committees various african countries may inadequately equipped review ggr, experts may need consulted ethics committees review processes 13, 14]. connected back need capacity strengthening, case focus training needs ethics committees 13]. additionally, five documents, including three national documents, indicated must ethics review approval order conduct secondary analyses 13, 27, 28, 32, 37]. ethics protection committee technische universitat braunschweig. conducted within framework ethical principles declaration helsinki, good clinical practice within laws regulations australia. participants receive invitation participant information, need consent participate. anonymity maintained research. granted ethical approval queensland health behavioural sciences, low negligible risk ethics sub-committee (reference: 2020001069). results project disseminated conferences peer-reviewed clinical journal. used secondary without involving human subjects therefore require formal ethical approval. fully anonymized researcher accessed them. request use sought dhs measures. given subject particular topic publishing findings peer-reviewed journal. amref health africa kenya scientific ethical review committee providing waiver consent retrospective routinely collected data; application approval p796/2020. strict confidentiality ensured throughout period final dataset de-identified prior analysis. conducted accordance declaration helsinki. written informed consent collected patients. ethics committee west china hospital sichuan (2020-147) conducted based principles outlined declaration helsinki. studies involving human participants reviewed medical ethics committee first affiliated hospital soochow university. patients/participants provided written informed consent participate study. protocol medical ethics committee first affiliated hospital soochow (approval no. 2020-077-1) institutional ethics review board participating center. registered chinese clinical trials registry october 25, http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: chictr2000039376), enrollment first subject. follows declaration helsinki international conference harmonization guidelines good clinical practice. report follows standard protocol items: recommendations interventional trials (spirit) statement 20). ethical clearance obtained institutional review board (irb) gondar official letter gained city administrative office. written informed consent obtained participant conducting actual collection process. identifiable issues eliminated ascertain confidentiality. furthermore, appropriate infection prevention practices principles related covid-19 considered collection period. collectors provided health education household interview completed based gaps identified appropriate. trial registered australian new zealand clinical trials registry. trial approval childrens health queensland hospital health service human ethics committee (hrec) (hrec/qchq/48682) griffith hrec (ref. no. 2019/094) managed accordance australian government national health medical council (nhmrc) national statement ethical conduct human note guidance good clinical practice (cpmp/ich-135/95). safety monitoring committee review unblinded serious adverse events n=400 n=800 advise recruitment safety issues identify investigate whether one intervention arms stopped early efficacy. intervention arm stop recruiting arm significantly control arm p<0.002. serious adverse events monitored reported hrecs, protocol modifications. important protocol amendments made (eg, changes eligibility criteria), aju update investigators, hrecs, patient information consent forms trial registry. clinical trial insurance held university. written informed consent obtained participants representatives prior participation (see online supplemental example patient consent form). consent withdrawn. identifying details kept confidential via ids. trial substudies written investigators peer-reviewed journals appropriate reporting formats (ie, equator) authorship consistent international committee medical journal editors guidelines. held griffith university. queensland health (hrec/ qchq/48682 griffith (ref. no. 2019/094). ethics approval required. patients mentioned manuscript. reviewed ethics committee school public health, addis ababa university, registered number prv/154/10. health authorities sites provided study. official letter provided administrative office selected palliative care centers. collection, participants informed purpose decision participation would influence care received. patients caregivers written oral informed consent obtained carry interview. gave oral consent presence witness language (amharic addis ababa, amharic sidama yirgalem). appointment scheduled interview consent obtained. interview voice recording made securing permission. information obtained kept confidential, anonymous used purpose. transcribing, audio-tapes deleted hardcopies interview stored secured place addis ababa accessible principal investigator. world health organization ethics review committee (who erc.0003182), nepal health council (nhrc 78/2019), kathmandu school medical sciences-ethical review committee (kusms-irc 37/19), nepal. women enrolled provided written informed consent participate. methods carried accordance relevant guidelines regulations. utilizes program ihvn cart program. ethical approval implementation cart obtained national health ethics committee (nhrec). also, approval acquired institute human virology nigeria (ihvn). period recruitment, participants formally recruited provided consent decentralized community. protect confidentiality, dataset de-identified retrieval database dataset remained accessible team. human ethics committee shanghai east hospital affiliated tongji school medicine human ethics committee shanghai general hospital affiliated shanghai jiao tong school medicine. written informed consent obtained participants. conducted accordance guidelines declaration helsinki. studies involving human participants reviewed leading ethics committee: ethics committee medical faculty ludwig maximilians university, munich, germany; reference number: 17-477 subsequently ethics committee jan, brugge oostende, belgium, ethics committee 065, bun: int. nr.2247, required modifications protocol; date final approval: may 17th, 2018. patients/participants provided written informed consent participate study. written informed consent obtained individual(s) publication potentially identifiable included article. conducted ethical clearance obtained ethiopian public health institute (ephi) scientific ethical review committee (serc). irb ephi given waiver consent conduct study. ethics approval obtained nepal health council (ref 262017). verbal informed consent obtained participants starting basic refresher training. participants provided verbal information participation study. training registration evaluation form text), used evaluate trainees knowledge skills study, used documentation consent. participants filled signed training registration evaluation form agreeing participate study. process obtaining consent completed presence hospital management respective hospitals. signed individual training registration evaluation forms securely stored central office kathmandu. ethics committee regional health agency network (linut) prior collection. collected within framework agreements signed limousin nutrition network (linut), health network nouvelle aquitaine regional health agency elderly nursing homes, stipulate patient used purposes approval patients legal representatives. volunteers, contracted clinical linut network, residents legal representatives given verbal informed consent assessments, noted residents linut dieticians. statement ethics accordance ethical guidelines. ethical review approval required human participants accordance local legislation institutional requirements. written informed consent participation required accordance national legislation institutional requirements. reb toronto deemed project quality improvement (qi) project requiring formal reb review approval. thus noted conclusions made based project gained quality improvement project carried local context. ethics committee members caregivers open-minded ethical issues, also certified degree ethics. composed five oncologists two oncology nurses, two physicians one nurse palliative care team, one intensive care physician, two psychiatrists. ethics committee members chief financial officer, jurist sociologist. members elected years. first mission ethic committee participate multidisciplinary meetings complex medical situations. prior covid-19 health crisis, participation took place approximately three times year, institute beds. missions organise 2-hour meetings three times year theoretical debate one ethical question conduct yearly 2-day training. time, identified major medicoethical issues, regularly discussed, leading emergence relevant ethical principles 3). resuscitation status systematically discussed admission patient regularly evaluated new medical events occurred. two main situations avoided. conventional intensive care hospital beds overloaded, considerable risk making decision limit treatments readily patients advanced cancer severe covid-19 pneumonia. conversely, context rapid-onset respiratory distress, risk deciding active resuscitation without taking explore patients wishes. whatever age, patients preserved autonomy life expectancy year covid-19 disease resuscitation order status, unless expressed opposition. paradigm shift occurred benefitrisk balance cancer treatment, affected new unknown covid-19 risk. healthcare professionals often required make critical decisions basis inadequate incomplete knowledge. management patients acute respiratory failure caused covid-19 pneumonia particularly challenging. first, effective treatment reduce pleuro-pulmonary tumour could facilitate cure covid-19 pneumonia. second, occurrence febrile neutropaenia could increase risk lung infection. finally, delaying treatment metastatic cancer could turn expose patient tumour progression. oncologists deal threats types timing, combination made choice best treatment option particularly difficult. time, cancer treatments delayed covid-19 pneumonia cured. considered case-by-case basis patients pleuropulmonary tumour invasion, could contribute respiratory failure, threatening tumour localisation meningeal carcinomatosis. clinical elements favouring decisions good general condition preserved autonomy effective anticancer treatment available low haematological lung toxicity. one patient included double-blind therapeutic trial presenting severe respiratory failure, collegiate discussion led decision lift blinding, possible lung toxicity treatment studied. patients terminal respiratory failure, palliative sedation systematically discussed. recent french law rights end-of-life patients enabled receive deep, continuous sedation death. treatment prescribed patient request, facing incurable disease, refractory suffering short life expectancy days). requested person trust relatives patient longer conscious able communicate. collegiate validation specific meeting mandatory starting sedation. visiting authorisations relatives terminally ill patient also frequently discussed onco-palliative meeting. observed relatives could visit loved one death suffered intense psychological trauma. reason, visiting authorisations strict respect local safety measures granted one two relatives per day, avoid patients terminal disease dying without loved ones side, relatives able say goodbye undertake traditional grieving rituals. ethics approval obtained cape town, human ethics committee. hrec ref: 186/2021.
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keywords None
phrases ['involvement health care professionals directly involved provision intensive care also underlined mitigate negative effects pressure doctors teams 25 ], collective decision made hoc medical committee often required 34', 'know extent ethical practices business help change perhaps visions business major importance evolution capitalism compatiblewith major synergieswith objectives maximize profits achieve common good', 'human ethics committee shanghai east hospital affiliated tongji school medicine human ethics committee shanghai general hospital affiliated shanghai jiao tong school medicine', 'service uka addresses consultation requests tiered approach always starts facilitation efforts one several meetings parties involved clarification value uncertainties mediate case conflict', 'tendency toward economy whose companiesor increasingly relevant number theminclude strategies among objectives aligned social responsibility seems manifesting numerous ways', 'regulation genetically modified organisms products issued aims eliminating risks arise genetically modified organisms products obtained modern biotechnology', 'clearly shown auvinet lloret ibid ., 2015 ), several examples provide entrepreneurship combines solving social problems earning profits', 'g ., issue ecosystems also covered ), participants agreed related statement protection natural resources ecosystems question justice future generations', '252253 ): investigates based legislative focus essentially founded philosophy supports profoundly explore matters related ethics corporations', 'comprehensive relation idea explained parallel way scope social entrepreneurship leads synthesis company seeks earn profits time', 'clinical elements favouring decisions good general condition preserved autonomy effective anticancer treatment available low haematological lung toxicity', 'participants views legislative regulations would sufficient solving ethical problems interpreted though expect legal regulations reflected practice well', 'difficulty professionals coming judgement situations involve ethical dilemmas lack knowledge basic concepts ethics suggest need receive education issue', 'family members community trust pact alliance relationship care based current emergency could dramatically corrupt 21 ].', 'ranked journals editors residing less likely issues editorial practices raised questions others may view problematic', 'facilitating principled resolution within boundaries widely accepted ethical principles 15 ]), also include recommendation giving', 'ordered probit results tables show three questions concerning ethics editorial practices differences views associated characteristics', 'amref health africa kenya scientific ethical review committee providing waiver consent retrospective routinely collected data', 'service uka founded clinical ethics committee resolution management board hospital thereby answered joint initiative institute history', 'second question section editorial practices asks editors avoid sending manuscripts reviewers likely bias particular paper', 'final question editorial practices showing differences responses characteristics asks important submitted article cites articles journal references', 'ranked journals percentage points less likely strongly agree agree statement editors lower ranked journals', 'talk new forms morality behavior business new forms reflection ethical concepts management sectoralthough minorities', 'also deduced participants believed regulations appropriate legislations would still fall short eliminating societys worries', '800 advise recruitment safety issues identify investigate whether one intervention arms stopped early efficacy', 'possible ethical behavior exist business beyond convenient save costs transactions achieve customer loyalty', 'coefficient estimate affiliation negative statistically indicating editors affiliation tend disagree statement editors outside us', 'editors top journals percentage points likely view extremely important important editor lower ranked journals', 'e8 ), ethically correct consume agricultural food products somewhere close possible produced soon possible', 'two h3africa documents suggested ethics committees various african countries may inadequately equipped review ggr', 'procedures decision making respect human dignity 11 ], clinicians act honesty integrity 38 ].', 'triage criteria decisions also reiterated aspect ensure best possible treatments always guaranteed patient 36', 'results show editors top journals likely view extremely important important editors lower ranked journals', 'purpose productionthe use resources human effortis meet unsatisfied individual social needs meet new needs', 'participants expressed negative opinion sustainability agricultural policies effectiveness controls ensuring safety food agricultural sector', 'differences views emerge ethics editorial practices show editors may concerns potential fairness practices', 'turkey also attempting develop effective food agricultural policy meet needs country todays conditions', 'editors affiliation percentage points less likely strongly agree agree editors outside us', 'hour meetings three times year theoretical debate one ethical question conduct yearly 2', 'estimated coefficient negative indicating editors top journals likely strongly disagree disagree statement', 'ethics review often noted international documents frequently discussed important safeguard collected individuals research', 'statements involved ethical dilemmas believe information pollution misinformation food agriculture fields ill intentioned', 'parties able reach consensus regarding example next steps treatment plan limitation therapy', 'laboratory animal conducted biosafety level spaces inspected importing prion agents department agriculture', 'windsor 2006 ), feature business ethics central focus divided two major aspects', 'succeed developing resolution clarification clients wish proceed subsequent meeting conventional consultation setting', 'visiting authorisations strict respect local safety measures granted one two relatives per day', 'studies highlighting importance developing sustainable policies centered increase safety food production distribution', 'stated problems overcome trusting rule law adopting ethical principles individual institutional levels', 'tapes deleted hardcopies interview stored secured place addis ababa accessible principal investigator', 'wont problem food agriculture system appropriate policies relevant regulations developed highly inconsistent', 'thus noted conclusions made based project gained quality improvement project carried local context', 'healthcare professionals often required make critical decisions basis inadequate incomplete knowledge', 'request made changes may take place course submitted ethics office ensure ethical transparency', 'studies involving human participants reviewed medical ethics committee first affiliated hospital soochow university', 'openness uniform application triage criteria levels care important reference principles ensure non', 'also seen participants put forward corruption biggest ethical problem food agriculture sector', 'difference professions terms perception ethical problems explained lack common perspective ethics education', 'talking connection corporate actions peoples needs basic levels terms greater sophistication', 'training registration evaluation form text ), used evaluate trainees knowledge skills study', 'represent inconvenience search corporate social responsibility commitment part strategys central focus', 'effect development assessment food guidelines improving health protective effect community health environment', 'linut ), health network nouvelle aquitaine regional health agency elderly nursing homes', 'considerable risk making decision limit treatments readily patients advanced cancer severe covid', 'reported literature participation local administrations food assessment control eliminating negative opinions', 'characteristic showing statistically relationship views question rank top 25 %.', 'signed individual training registration evaluation forms securely stored central office kathmandu', 'editors women editors relative male editors likely strongly agree agree statement', 'resuscitation status systematically discussed admission patient regularly evaluated new medical events occurred', 'editors sensitivities potential concerns editorial practices appear get way realism', 'observed relatives could visit loved one death suffered intense psychological trauma', 'provide four questions address various potential concerns editorial practices journals', 'visiting authorisations relatives terminally ill patient also frequently discussed onco', 'consent assent letters made ensure participants understand details entire process commences', 'focus collage discussions ), researchers ensured rights participants violated throughout process', 'common understanding founding members consultations aiming ethics facilitation accordance asbh guidelines', 'procedures accordance ethical standards helsinki declaration later amendments comparable ethical standards', 'specific attention particular effort made ensure equal rights treatments 11 ].', 'collectors provided health education household interview completed based gaps identified appropriate', 'entire process mandates researcher protect participants harm may occur result process', 'seen participants could come common agreement dilemmatic issues rate neither agree', 'notion organization food agriculture system actually public concern ethics participants prioritized', 'justified basis equality principle respect human dignity human rights framework 22', 'proposes rules benchmarking procedures guarantee creation ethical contents relation stakeholders', 'also granted ministry education training berea district school principals lesotho', 'results revealed participants could easily identify problems pose ethical dilemmas', 'ethical review approval required human participants accordance local legislation institutional requirements', 'tend also agree avoid sending manuscripts reviewers known bias', 'used secondary without involving human subjects therefore require formal ethical approval', 'national statement ethical conduct human note guidance good clinical practice', 'shows responses reveal editors agree concerns raised three four questions', 'clearly demonstrated fact well difficulty participants faced giving consistent response', 'still produced changes economic thought comparable produced berle means 1932', 'first mission ethic committee participate multidisciplinary meetings complex medical situations', 'trial approval childrens health queensland hospital health service human ethics committee', 'indicated must ethics review approval order conduct secondary analyses 13', 'delaying treatment metastatic cancer could turn expose patient tumour progression', '2013 ), ethical approaches gathering information children adolescents international settings', 'key contact person ), worked physician specializing clinical ethics ethics consultation', 'need policy measures reduce prevalence obesity obesity related diseases emphasized', 'participants expressed willingness take part educational practices agricultural food ethics', 'service implemented additional ethics rounds structure continuous discussion ethical aspects patient', 'participants asked rank five universal seven professional ethics order importance', 'although participants asserted legislative regulations would eliminate ethical problems', 'statement commercials made food agriculture sectors evaluated carefully sectors', 'especially extremely complex situations suspension already initiated treatments required', 'seen participants still lacked confidence food controls within sector', 'participants filled signed training registration evaluation form agreeing participate study', 'follows declaration helsinki international conference harmonization guidelines good clinical practice', '69 %) also argued problems would solved appropriate legislations', 'written informed consent participation required accordance national legislation institutional requirements', 'revealed food commercials appearing internet influence childrens eating habits', 'intervention arm stop recruiting arm significantly control arm p', 'e ., offers advice ethically best course action could', 'requested person trust relatives patient longer conscious able communicate', 'involve changes world concept one part culture social practices', 'process obtaining consent completed presence hospital management respective hospitals', 'aimed managing reducing moral distress health care professionals 21', '53 %) agree statement think restricting gmos technology groundless', 'average editors tend neutral statement editors allowed publish journals', 'rates agree disagree also found significantly close kind statements', 'new ideas management strategies relevant weight encourage change', 'important submitted article cites articles editors journal references', 'still understoodor understood minority waythat current material cultural context', 'risk deciding active resuscitation without taking explore patients wishes', 'belgian document states age isolation cannot used triage decisions', 'although legislative regulations available control production consumption gmo products', 'recommendation given end first facilitated meeting without conventional consultation meeting', 'experts may need consulted ethics committees review processes 13', 'acquiring knowledge ethics professionals make sound evaluation regulations', 'participants informed purpose decision participation would influence care received', 'journal rank plays statistically role differences views quite large', 'uses age limit exclusion criteria certain situation 33 ].', 'protocols institutional animal care use committee national animal disease center', 'making process identification persons responsible decision fundamental guarantee patient', '37 ], considered important aid distributing strengthening sense responsibility', 'avoid patients terminal disease dying without loved ones side', 'world health organization reported commercial promotion energy dense nutrient', 'rate participants thought government adopt positive discrimination agricultural producers', 'specifically described independent predictors outcome elderly patients admitted icu', 'problem affects peoples lives directly inequality access food', 'first question true asks inappropriateness use one reviewer', 'protocol medical ethics committee first affiliated hospital soochow', 'findings showed participants ranked various ethical problems close', 'safety monitoring committee review unblinded serious adverse events n', 'certified training ethics consultation ), multidisciplinary initially defined consultation', 'resolution clarification developed facilitated meeting seem ethically unsupportable', 'official letter provided administrative office selected palliative care centers', 'accordingly shown recommendations proposed organizations institute business ethics', 'accepted success food policies possible national international solidarity', 'verbal informed consent obtained participants starting basic refresher training', 'participants also made aware right participate withdraw stage', 'case focus training needs ethics committees 13 ].', 'agriculture system possible areas regulated via laws legislations', 'ethical approval implementation cart obtained national health ethics committee', 'rakuno gakuen medical ethics review committees human subjects', 'bigger font used lvis ensure fairness ethics process', 'authorship consistent international committee medical journal editors guidelines', 'argued independent reviews determination food additives would appropriate', 'relatives able say goodbye undertake traditional grieving rituals', '., fda responsible approval food additives recognizing safe', 'collected within framework agreements signed limousin nutrition network', 'concept justice handled variety aspects food agriculture system', 'occurrence febrile neutropaenia could increase risk lung infection', 'studies involving human participants reviewed leading ethics committee', 'patients caregivers written oral informed consent obtained carry interview', 'micro dimension economy corresponding strategic decisions corporate managers', 'written informed consent obtained participant conducting actual collection process', 'consent assent forms written explained participants first language', 'learners visual impairments rural lesotho schools means asset', 'known academic researches education agricultural food ethics encouraged', 'managed accordance australian government national health medical council', 'another percent editors agree strongly agree view', 'facilitation succeeds resolution clarification value uncertainties', 'combination made choice best treatment option particularly difficult', 'whole team explicitly reflects ethical aspects discussion patient', 'agree views use one reviewer inappropriate journals', 'discrepancy opinions could explained lack knowledge ethics', 'studies done accordance guide care use laboratory animals', 'project deemed exempt ethics review saskatchewan ethics board', 'good clinical practice within laws regulations australia', 'continues mark necessary commitment economic system human species', 'service proceeds subsequent meeting conventional consultation setting', 'percent editors either strongly disagree disagree view', 'believe responding participants need education ethical responsibility', 'evident managers sought particular acting beyond control shareholders', 'collection conducted compliance tunisian laws regarding personal protection', 'concept accordance declaration helsinki principles local ethics committee', 'conducted ethical clearance obtained ethiopian public health institute', 'appropriate infection prevention practices principles related covid', 'stipulate patient used purposes approval patients legal representatives', 'international public debates issue held past two decades', 'ethical guidelines also noted application structured decision', 'closely related eliminating barriers obstructing access food', 'residents legal representatives given verbal informed consent assessments', 'addition usual daily treatment plan resulting interdisciplinary communication', 'care hospital western germany beds nearly inpatients annually', 'notion ethics morals accepted majority participant professionals', 'participation took place approximately three times year', 'agricultural food ethics varied current ethics education', 'trial registered australian new zealand clinical trials registry', 'confirmed business roundtable recent statement purpose corporation', 'results demonstrated food waste occurring whole process', 'pseudonyms used throughout ensure anonymity potential harm', 'address issue recommendation giving ethics consultations detail', 'sedation ), family members asked provide consent', 'ethics committee peking union medical college hospital', 'gondar official letter gained city administrative office', 'see online supplemental example patient consent form ).', 'additional option example urgent cases typically request clients', 'written informed consent obtained participants representatives prior participation', 'participants formally recruited provided consent decentralized community', 'strict confidentiality ensured throughout period final dataset de', 'found difference justice deemed important universal value', 'relatives professionals ethically complex conflicts decision', 'patients preserved autonomy life expectancy year covid', 'paradigm shift occurred benefitrisk balance cancer treatment', 'conducted within framework ethical principles declaration helsinki', 'theory ethics medicine clinic palliative medicine', 'long adverse effects human health verified', 'free state faculty education ethics review committee', 'differences arising participants personal characteristics observed', 'two physicians one nurse palliative care team', 'changes eligibility criteria ), aju update investigators', 'neededand ensures reflection process follows given rules', 'e5 ), value protecting producer protecting consumer', 'possible view academic papers special recent decades', 'ethics committee medical faculty ludwig maximilians university', 'specific training animal care staff handling animals', 'registered chinese clinical trials registry october 25', 'clinical ethicist participates roundsprovides based professional expertise', 'reviewed ethics committee school public health', 'clearly incompatible widely accepted ethical principles', 'like many countries struggling unhealthy dietary trends', 'food safety deemed important professional value', 'consent teachers well assent learner sought granted', 'state committee member forced participate consultation recommendation', 'largest differences views associated journal rank', 'women enrolled provided written informed consent participate', 'majority guidelines report set ethically unacceptable criteria', 'need solve former provides opportunity obtain latter', 'granted ethical approval queensland health behavioural sciences', 'approval granted cprd independent scientific advisory committee', 'irb ephi given waiver consent conduct study', 'participants provided written informed consent participate study', 'identified retrieval database dataset remained accessible team', 'little consensus views high relative entropy score', 'committee member involved switch roles meeting', 'estimated coefficients editorial position associate editor', 'rather premise deem agricultural subsidies ineffective tool', 'specific theoretical framework management market studies', 'unexpected finding interpreted comprehensive future study', 'collegiate validation specific meeting mandatory starting sedation', 'methods carried accordance relevant guidelines regulations', 'ethics committee regional health agency network', 'leading emergence relevant ethical principles 3 ).', 'signed informed consent obtained patient attached manuscript', 'approval institutional review board hospital obtained', 'blind therapeutic trial presenting severe respiratory failure', 'subject given written informed consent publish case', 'policy adopted agricultural food system turkey', '2019 ), kathmandu school medical sciences', 'expressed common concern toward problem', 'company includes proposal search best options', 'explained participants disapproval available agricultural subsidies', 'refractory suffering short life expectancy days ).', 'new forms ethics social practice', 'reported among factors led ethical problems', 'given subject particular topic publishing findings peer', 'ethical clearance obtained institutional review board', 'world health organization ethics review committee', 'institutional ethics review board participating center', 'aim reveal attitudes case ethical dilemmas', 'requests ethics consultation rose requests annually', 'pure facilitation approach never intended committee', 'patient information consent forms trial registry', 'guide care use agricultural animals teaching', 'subject provided written informed consent publication case', 'parents legal representants case minors age ).', 'management patients acute respiratory failure caused covid', 'conventional intensive care hospital beds overloaded', 'ethics board saskatchewan provided ethical approval', 'facilitation efforts result four outcomes', 'first contact consultation requests clinical ethicist', 'participants provided verbal information participation study', 'ethics protection committee technische universitat braunschweig', 'articles universal declaration bioethics human rights', 'indicates associate editors relative lead editors', 'concerns vary depending whether editing top', 'making differing perspectives among staff appropriate', 'possible lung toxicity treatment studied', 'making difficult decisions facing direct dilemmas', 'would effective combination age 29 ].', 'ethics committee west china hospital sichuan', 'interview voice recording made securing permission', 'conducted based principles outlined declaration helsinki', 'project requiring formal reb review approval', 'poor foods increase prevalence childhood obesity', 'characterization hunger problems access food adequate', 'way changes led institutionalization new behaviors', 'number consultation requests uka low', 'reb toronto deemed project quality improvement', 'statement ethics accordance ethical guidelines', 'collegiate discussion led decision lift blinding', 'usually conducted one two members committee', 'researchers drew number universal ethical principles', 'serious adverse events monitored reported hrecs', 'case basis patients pleuropulmonary tumour invasion', 'approval acquired institute human virology nigeria', '1919 ), includes necessary commitment customers', 'ethics approval obtained nepal health council', 'patients received verbal written informed consent', 'due administrative english translation process delay', 'pulmonary tumour could facilitate cure covid', 'ethics committee members chief financial officer', 'gave oral consent presence witness language', 'provide agricultural subsidieswas quite low', 'results obtained confirm attempts necessary significant', 'reference great ideas dominant ideologies economy', 'confirm ongoing related trials procedure registered', 'pastors ethicist ), remaining members physicians', 'ranked journal whether affiliation', 'written informed consent obtained individual', 'guidelines place specific attention age', 'written informed consents obtained patients included', 'deemed big ethical problem participants', 'reviewed journals appropriate reporting formats', 'declaring avoid discrimination based age', 'one chairperson one three members', 'ensure principles human dignity', 'written informed consent collected patients', 'irb centre hospitalier universitaire regional caremeau', 'articles auvinet lloret 2015', 'concept accordance declaration helsinki principles', 'participants receive invitation participant information', 'composed five oncologists two oncology nurses', 'identifying details kept confidential via ids', 'applying ethical guidelines daily practice', 'discussed possible food controllers manufacturers', 'written informed consent obtained participants', 'issues fair trade laws practices', 'covered legal aspects study', '19 disease resuscitation order status', 'conducted accordance guidelines declaration helsinki', 'centered rounds intensive care units', 'granted researchers ethical clearance study', 'editors tend believe important', 'request use sought dhs measures', 'initiative prompted icu teams', 'local hospital ethics committee', 'animal plant health inspection service', 'ethics committee members caregivers open', 'results project disseminated conferences peer', 'hindered discourses changed little since post', 'final report also submitted', '39 ]; groups considered vulnerable people', 'argued use gmos technology restricted', 'low negligible risk ethics sub', 'institutions headed medically trained directors ).', 'enrolment first patient started august 2018', 'ethics remain important consideration research', 'important point controversy age issue', 'perhaps paper berle means', '0003182 ), nepal health council', 'appointment scheduled interview consent obtained', 'identified major medicoethical issues', 'issue difficult view clearly', 'health authorities sites provided study', 'one intensive care physician', 'since ethics field knowledge taught', 'issue justice addressed comprehensive manner', 'move beyond basic needs', 'nurses case managers two qualifications', 'coming intensive care units', 'clinical trial insurance held university', 'scientific ethical review committee', 'ethics committee approval required', 'observational educational topic voluntary participation', 'important protocol amendments made', 'chictr2000039376 ), enrollment first subject', 'take part conventional consultations', 'presence local ethics committees', 'neurological intensive care unit adults', 'among male lead editors', 'ethics approval obtained cape town', 'perhaps higher advantage derived separation', '477 subsequently ethics committee jan', 'arbitrariness final decision 11', 'rooted past health practices', 'institute laboratory animal resources', 'ethical valid months date issue', 'good shared every member society', 'trial substudies written investigators peer', 'publication potentially identifiable included article', 'connected back need capacity strengthening', 'also certified degree ethics', '103 beds ), medical icus', 'recent french law rights end', 'necessary ethical issues taken consideration', 'life patients enabled receive deep', 'effective treatment reduce pleuro', 'patient received cprd fully anonymised', 'even since outset marginalist economy', 'found homogenous large extent', 'degree scientific technological applications used', 'along scientific technological advances turkey', 'ensures confidentiality safety participants', '17 ], requests annually', 'rather lack food acknowledged', 'cancer treatments delayed covid', 'seen responses given statements', 'world health organization 2016 ).', 'conducted accordance declaration helsinki', 'ensuring social justice', 'three five members committee', 'threatening tumour localisation meningeal carcinomatosis', 'including three national documents', 'gd0 ), pollution environment', 'report follows standard protocol items', 'palliative sedation systematically discussed', 'committee drew rules procedure 2009', 'treatment prescribed patient request', 'service typically gives recommendation', 'concerned problems caused policy', 'one patient included double', 'identifiable issues eliminated ascertain confidentiality', 'three members committee nonclinicians', 'disagree increased significantly statements', 'utilizes program ihvn cart program', 'oncologists deal threats types timing', 'joint indivisible purpose strategy', '2777 ), require species', 'development relevant curricula attempted', 'pediatric intensive care unit', 'cohen al ., 2011 ).', 'unesco ), declaration helsinki', 'two main situations avoided', 'contracted clinical linut network', '33 ], disability 24', 'case many services germany 16', 'human ethics committee', 'specifically mongi slim hospital', 'respect human rights', 'noted residents linut dieticians', 'ethical review committee', 'rate neither agree', 'ethical clearance number ufs', 'pasture ), informal transactions', 'ethical discussion food', 'ethics approval required', 'contribute policies fight inequality', 'ethics rounds implemented 2011', 'local ethics committee', 'responses statements questioned issues', 'could contribute respiratory failure', 'editors tend neutral', 'signed every subject participating', 'key contact person chairperson', 'patients terminal respiratory failure', 'sustainability associated justice', 'issues patient autonomy', 'consumption healthy food encouraged', 'information obtained kept confidential', 'need consent participate', 'challenge unacceptable human behaviour', 'quality improvement initiative', 'affected new unknown covid', 'protocols originally written french', 'allegato comitato etico 21', 'involve ethical dilemma', 'reviewed clinical journal', 'common good', 'labeling gmo products', 'intensive care units', 'availability accessibility affordable food', 'capacity understand world changed', 'ethics education deep', 'participants responses varied', '5 important important', 'written informed consent', 'written consent obtained', 'residue ), industrial insemination', 'fast growing ), tag', 'since difficult decisions', 'positive statistically significant', 'based approach', 'animal plant health', 'continuous sedation death', 'milans ethical committee', 'available know', 'federation animal science societies', 'key contact person', 'ethics committee 065', 'fully anonymized researcher accessed', 'm4 ), participants', 'world medical association', 'additional training mediation', 'facilitated meetings', 'editors top', 'participants responses cross', 'addis ababa university', 'minded ethical issues', 'economic ethics converge', 'anonymous used purpose', 'enrolment participants started', '19 considered collection period', 'date final approval', 'used documentation consent', 'full protocol available clinicaltrials', 'cannot assumed criterion 26', 'boyland whalen 2015 ).', 'new emotions ideas', 'perspective service', 'including patient wishes', 'application approval p796', 'basic issue', 'required modifications protocol', 'azetsop joy 2013 ).', 'ethical committee', 'typically gives recommendation', 'well environment biodiversity', 'human rights', 'national academy sciences', 'similar findings literature', 'average score 3', 'official gazette 2010 ).', '19 pneumonia particularly challenging', 'obtained present research', 'editors sex female', 'statement 20 ).', 'day training', 'education policy', 'amharic addis ababa', '19 ), nepal', 'including publication images ).', 'primarily aimed patients', 'approval number 05', 'mandated tunisian law', 'accumulated knowledge experience', 'queensland health', 'regularly discussed', 'available resources', 'swiss ethical guideline', 'recommendations interventional trials', 'maximize profit', 'finding line studies', '34', 'physician ethicist ).', 'amharic sidama yirgalem ).', '19 health crisis', 'facing incurable disease', 'registered number prv', 'integrated clinical parameters', 'protect human', 'unless expressed opposition', 'onset respiratory distress', 'anonymity maintained research', 'held griffith university', 'improving well', 'committee members', 'five documents', 'shed light issue', 'ethics rounds', 'palliative meeting', 'patients mentioned manuscript', 'reviewed journal', 'may 17th', 'identified prior analysis', 'going revision guidelines', 'justice production', 'unconscious use medication', 'excessive use fertilizer', 'changes micro', 'period recruitment', 'parallel finding', 'case sesotho ).', 'members elected years', 'patients cognitive impairment', 'paper crane al', 'new institutionalization', 'participant utilized pseudo', 'institute beds', 'considered case', 'life issues', 'surrogate decision', 'part special', 'anonymous kept confidential', '37 ].', 'consist interdisciplinary icus', '25', 'disagree increased', 'reference number', '39 ].', 'uka', 'porter kramer 2006', 'maron 2006 ).', 'also', 'missions organise 2', 'dataset de', 'half participants', 'edit top', 'production consumption', 'rules procedure', '36 beds', 'questions', 'particular instance', '19 risk', 'fully anonymized analysis', 'form support', 'communities corporation works', 'beh #: 16', 'introducing ethics', 'prior covid', 'consumption processes', 'two psychiatrists', '35 ].', 'including psychological', 'problems', 'foundations changed technologies', 'protect confidentiality', '14 ].', 'seen fig', 'approval 19', 'wahlqvist kuo 2009', 'uniklinik rwth aachen', 'religion political vision', 'mcwilliams siegel 2001', 'http :// www', 'frailty reduced cognition', 'donaldson dunfee 1994', 'burton mansell 2019', 'burke logsdon 1996', 'uysal 2019 ).', 'mishra 2012 ).', 'jevons 1871 ).', 'isac 14_159r2 ).', 'facilitator consultant ).', '2015 ).', '19 pneumonia cured', 'consent withdrawn', 'well neonatal', 'costa 2018 ).', 'prior collection', 'time', 'registration', '20parere numero 35', 'upon request', 'respect', 'tansey 2017 ).', 'gediklioglu 2017 ).', '2013 ).', 'context rapid', 'give example', 'whatever age', 'second', 'resources', 'ortiz 2015', 'making', 'ethics', 'ref 262017 ).', 'member ).', 'koc 2020 ).', 'eursafe 1999 ).', '2 ).', 'easy understand', 'committee', 'registered clinicaltrials', 'material circumstances', 'identification disclosed', 'first', '400 n', 'transparency', 'large maximum', 'jefferson 2006', 'fields', 'case', 'protocol modifications', 'corruption', 'anonymized manner', 'ihvn ).', 'irc 37', 'study', 'context', 'patients', 'example', 'confidentiality adhered', 'approval', 'therefore', 'protocol numbers', 'generation methods', 'along line', '22', '2019 ).', '2011 ).', '19 pneumonia', '2018 ).', 'researchers', '36', 'veterinary services', 'taken total', 'fact', '5 ).', '20 ).', 'end', '2010 ).', 'reference', 'linut', 'entropy measure', '8 entropy', '7 entropy', 'main tasks', 'initially', 'including gender', 'e', 'serc ).', 'nhrec ).', 'me1 ).', 'm2 ).', 'e9 ).', 'e1 ).', '95 ).', '91 ).', '81 ).', '76 ).', '700 ).', '6 ).', '2020001069 ).', '1989 ).', '07 ).', 'crane al', 'november 2018', 'collection', '2', 'irb', 'germany', 'shareholders', 'cases', 'addition', 'usa ).', '2014 ).', '1 ).', '094 ).', 'zaganjor al', 'watanabe al', 'recanati al', 'neltner al', 'miles al', 'freeman al', 'dizon al', 'alles al', 'sexual orientation', 'schenk williamson', 'resnik shamoo', 'nutritional diet', 'nhrc 78', 'morally arguable', 'mcmillan schumacher', 'march th', 'keynesian monetarism', 'jurist sociologist', 'internationally 14', 'griffith hrec', 'friedman 1962', 'france n15', 'ephi', 'environmental limitations', 'empirical techniques', 'content fraud', 'carroll 1989', 'brugge oostende', 'bertram christian', 'adhere custom', '57 %).', '48682 griffith', 'north 2005', 'hrec ref', 'hart 2005', 'usually', 'hrecs', 'gov site', '29', 'icus', '2019', '2016', '2011', '2009', '19', '2018', '26', '24', '17', 'clinicaltrials', '2017', '2010', 'works', 'technologies', 'ref', 'mentioned', 'm4', '2020', '1999', 'hrec', '2005', 'usa', 'instance', 'gov', 'fig', '48682', '2014', '1', '094', 'yes', 'water', 'washington', 'volunteers', 'u', 'tunisia', 'transcribing', 'suppliers', 'spirit', 'soil', 'recently', 'reasonableness', 'reason', 'reality', 'r8', 'r1', 'qi', 'qchq', 'privacy', 'peris', 'org', 'nr', 'nimes', 'nhmrc', 'nevertheless', 'nct03741907', 'munich', 'moreover', 'meta', 'me4', 'marsa', 'marketing', 'kusms', 'int', 'inclusiveness', 'il', 'ie', 'identifier', 'ich', 'ibe', 'hybrid', 'hsd2019', 'however', 'hence', 'furthermore', 'finally', 'feed', 'ethnicity', 'ethicists', 'erc', 'equator', 'employees', 'eg', 'e6', 'despite', 'dc', 'creswell', 'cpmp', 'conversely', 'contrast', 'consequently', 'co', 'cn', 'chictr', 'champaign', 'bun', 'belgium', 'balanced', 'audio', 'ars', 'air', 'additionally', '80', '77', '70', '437', '32', '30', '28', '27', '2247', '2021', '2008', '2004', '186', '154', '147', '135', '10', '08', '077', '06', '04', '0205', '0093', '002', '0']
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1sFj07mE2XRyeaplvsTs34-VaDHBjnt6U?usp=sharing
- We need a way to automate the retrieval of the Ethics Statement. We could do sectioning and retrieve. But in this case, it's harder because most papers don't have a dedicated Ethics Statement (usually buried in the methods section). So, we'll have to create a dictionary, using the phrase we've initially extracted, to help with information retrieval (i.e., get Ethics Statement paragraph from papers). (Q: How does SpaCY give those phrase ranks in the code)
- After getting, let's say, 1000 Ethics Statement, we can again try unsupervised or even supervised phrase extraction at this stage. We can refine our dictionaries and also start extracting hospital names, committee names and their identifiers, and so on.