(compiler) Detect stdlib bundled with Perlang binaries

[perlun]

This provides some of the groundwork for this, mentioned in https://github.com/perlang-org/ perlang/issues/406:

Distribute the (compiled) stdlib along with snapshot builds

The changes to the Makefile means that running make install will now install the stdlib into the expected location. The next step is to get the stdlib bundled with releases and release snapshots as well.

[perlun]

I deliberately made this a bit more strict. Let's see what error we get if you try to run this in a container without any clang-14 package installed btw...

[perlun]

Here we go. With an added catch (SystemException e), and re-throwing this, we get something which is good enough for now (despite being a bit overly verbose):

root@ce9d3c51d947:/perlang# /home/per/.perlang/nightly/bin/perlang docs/examples/quickstart/pi.per
Unhandled exception. System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
 ---> System.ApplicationException: Failed running clang. Experimental compilation is only supported on Linux-based systems. If running a Debian/Ubuntu-based distribution, please ensure that the clang-14 package is installed since experimental compilation depends on it.
 ---> System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception (2): An error occurred trying to start process 'clang++-14' with working directory '/perlang'. No such file or directory
   at System.Diagnostics.Process.ForkAndExecProcess(ProcessStartInfo, String, String[], String[], String, Boolean, UInt32, UInt32, UInt32[], Int32& , Int32& , Int32& , Boolean, Boolean )
   at System.Diagnostics.Process.StartCore(ProcessStartInfo)
   at System.Diagnostics.Process.Start()
   at System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(ProcessStartInfo)
   at Perlang.Interpreter.Compiler.PerlangCompiler.Compile(String source, String path, CompilerFlags compilerFlags, ScanErrorHandler scanErrorHandler, ParseErrorHandler parseErrorHandler, NameResolutionErrorHandler nameResolutionErrorHandler, ValidationErrorHandler typeValidationErrorHandler, ValidationErrorHandler immutabilityValidationErrorHandler, CompilerWarningHandler compilerWarningHandler) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.Interpreter/Compiler/PerlangCompiler.cs:line 607
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at Perlang.Interpreter.Compiler.PerlangCompiler.Compile(String source, String path, CompilerFlags compilerFlags, ScanErrorHandler scanErrorHandler, ParseErrorHandler parseErrorHandler, NameResolutionErrorHandler nameResolutionErrorHandler, ValidationErrorHandler typeValidationErrorHandler, ValidationErrorHandler immutabilityValidationErrorHandler, CompilerWarningHandler compilerWarningHandler) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.Interpreter/Compiler/PerlangCompiler.cs:line 632
   at Perlang.Interpreter.Compiler.PerlangCompiler.CompileAndRun(String source, String path, CompilerFlags compilerFlags, ScanErrorHandler scanErrorHandler, ParseErrorHandler parseErrorHandler, NameResolutionErrorHandler nameResolutionErrorHandler, ValidationErrorHandler typeValidationErrorHandler, ValidationErrorHandler immutabilityValidationErrorHandler, CompilerWarningHandler compilerWarningHandler) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.Interpreter/Compiler/PerlangCompiler.cs:line 221
   at Perlang.ConsoleApp.Program.CompileAndRun(String source, String path, CompilerWarningHandler compilerWarningHandler) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.ConsoleApp/Program.cs:line 456
   at Perlang.ConsoleApp.Program.RunFile(String path) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.ConsoleApp/Program.cs:line 344
   at Perlang.ConsoleApp.Program.<>c__DisplayClass13_0.<MainWithCustomConsole>b__4(ParseResult parseResult, IConsole _) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.ConsoleApp/Program.cs:line 249
   at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object, Void**, Signature, Boolean)
   at System.Reflection.MethodInvoker.Invoke(Object, IntPtr*, BindingFlags)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Reflection.MethodInvoker.Invoke(Object, IntPtr*, BindingFlags)
   at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo)
   at System.Delegate.DynamicInvokeImpl(Object[] args)
   at System.CommandLine.NamingConventionBinder.ModelBindingCommandHandler.InvokeAsync(InvocationContext context)
   at System.CommandLine.NamingConventionBinder.ModelBindingCommandHandler.Invoke(InvocationContext context)
   at System.CommandLine.Invocation.InvocationPipeline.<>c__DisplayClass4_0.<<BuildInvocationChain>b__0>d.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location ---
   at System.CommandLine.Builder.CommandLineBuilderExtensions.<>c__DisplayClass12_0.<<UseHelp>b__0>d.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location ---
   at System.CommandLine.Invocation.InvocationPipeline.<Invoke>g__FullInvocationChain|3_0(InvocationContext)
   at Perlang.ConsoleApp.Program.MainWithCustomConsole(String[] args, IPerlangConsole console) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.ConsoleApp/Program.cs:line 292
   at Perlang.ConsoleApp.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/per/git/perlang/src/Perlang.ConsoleApp/Program.cs:line 108
Aborted (core dumped)