Update GitHub Actions workflow to use Ubuntu 22.04 and add support for Elixir 1.16 and 1.18.0

[parroty]

This pull request includes updates to the GitHub Actions workflow configuration to enhance the testing matrix and improve error handling. The key changes are:

Workflow configuration updates:

• .github/workflows/tests.yml: Updated the runs-on environment to ubuntu-22.04 and added the continue-on-error parameter to handle experimental configurations.
• .github/workflows/tests.yml: Introduced the fail-fast parameter to the strategy to stop all jobs if any job fails.
• .github/workflows/tests.yml: Expanded the testing matrix to include newer versions of OTP and Elixir, specifically OTP 27 and Elixir 1.17 and 1.18.0.

[coveralls]

coverage: 89.847% (-1.7%) from 91.507%
when pulling ddbd5ed on fix/elixir-1.18
into 46a9665 on master.

[coveralls]

coverage: 87.344% (-4.2%) from 91.507%
when pulling 21ed004 on fix/elixir-1.18
into 46a9665 on master.

[coveralls]

coverage: 89.986% (-1.5%) from 91.507%
when pulling 3084170 on fix/elixir-1.18
into 46a9665 on master.