@substrate/api-sidecar

REST service that makes it easy to interact with blockchain nodes built using Substrate's FRAME framework.

Prerequisites

<= v15.0.0

This service requires Node versions 14 or higher.

Compatibility:

Node Version	Stablility
v14.x.x	Stable
v16.x.x	Stable
v17.x.x	Stable
v18.x.x	Stable
v19.x.x	stable

>= v16.0.0

This service requires Node versions 18.14 or higher.

Compatibility:

Node Version	Stablility
v18.14.x	Stable
v20.x.x	Stable
v21.x.x	Pending

NOTE: Node LTS (long term support) versions start with an even number, and odd number versions are subject to a 6 month testing period with active support before they are unsupported. It is recommended to use sidecar with a stable actively maintained version of node.js.

Table of contents

• NPM package installation and usage
• Source code installation and usage
• Configuration
• Debugging fee and staking payout calculations
• Available endpoints
• Chain integration guide
• Docker
• Notes for maintainers
• Hardware requirements

NPM package installation and usage

Global installation

Install the service globally:

npm install -g @substrate/api-sidecar
# OR
yarn global add @substrate/api-sidecar

Run the service from any directory on your machine:

substrate-api-sidecar

To check your version you may append the --version flag to substrate-api-sidecar.

Local installation

Install the service locally:

npm install @substrate/api-sidecar
# OR
yarn add @substrate/api-sidecar

Run the service from within the local directory:

node_modules/.bin/substrate-api-sidecar

Finishing up

Jump to the configuration section for more details on connecting to a node.

Click here for full endpoint docs.

In the full endpoints doc, you will also find the following trace related endpoints :

• /experimental/blocks/{blockId}/traces/operations?actions=false
• /experimental/blocks/head/traces/operations?actions=false
• /experimental/blocks/{blockId}/traces
• /experimental/blocks/head/traces

To have access to these endpoints you need to :

1. Run your node with the flag —unsafe-rpc-external
2. Check in sidecar if BlocksTrace controller is active for the chain you are running.

Currently BlocksTrace controller is active in Polkadot and Kusama.

Source code installation and usage

Quick install

Simply run yarn.

Rust development installation

If you are looking to hack on the calc Rust crate make sure your machine has an up-to-date version of rustup installed to manage Rust dependencies.

Install wasm-pack if your machine does not already have it:

cargo install wasm-pack

Use yarn to do the remaining setup:

yarn

Running

# For live reload in development
yarn dev

# To build and run
yarn build
yarn start

Jump to the configuration section for more details on connecting to a node.

Configuration

To use a specific env profile (here for instance a profile called 'env.sample'):

NODE_ENV=sample yarn start

For more information on our configuration manager visit its readme here. See Specs.ts to view the env configuration spec.

Express server

• SAS_EXPRESS_BIND_HOST: address on which the server will be listening, defaults to 127.0.0.1.
• SAS_EXPRESS_PORT: port on which the server will be listening, defaults to 8080.
• SAS_EXPRESS_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT: Set the keepAliveTimeout in express.

Substrate node

• SAS_SUBSTRATE_URL: URL to which the RPC proxy will attempt to connect to, defaults to ws://127.0.0.1:9944. Accepts both a websocket, and http URL.

Metrics Server

• SAS_METRICS_ENABLED: Boolean to enable the metrics server instance with Prometheus (server metrics) and Loki (logging) connections. Defaults to false.
• SAS_METRICS_PROM_HOST: The host of the prometheus server used to listen to metrics emitted, defaults to 127.0.0.1.
• SAS_METRICS_PROM_PORT: The port of the prometheus server, defaults to 9100.
• SAS_METRICS_LOKI_HOST: The host of the loki server used to pull the logs, defaults to 127.0.0.1.
• SAS_METRICS_LOKI_PORT: The port of the loki server, defaults to 3100

Custom substrate types

Some chains require custom type definitions in order for Sidecar to know how to decode the data retrieved from the node. Sidecar affords environment variables which allow the user to specify an absolute path to a JSON file that contains type definitions in the corresponding formats. Consult polkadot-js/api for more info on the type formats (see RegisteredTypes). There is a helper CLI tool called generate-type-bundle that can generate a typesBundle.json file for you using chain information from @polkadot/apps-config. The generated json file from this tool will work directly with the SAS_SUBSTRATE_TYPES_BUNDLE ENV variable.

• SAS_SUBSTRATE_TYPES_BUNDLE: a bundle of types with versioning info, type aliases, derives, and rpc definitions. Format: OverrideBundleType (see typesBundle).
• SAS_SUBSTRATE_TYPES_CHAIN: type definitions keyed by chainName. Format: Record<string, RegistryTypes> (see typesChain).
• SAS_SUBSTRATE_TYPES_SPEC: type definitions keyed by specName. Format: Record<string, RegistryTypes> (see typesSpec).
• SAS_SUBSTRATE_TYPES: type definitions and overrides, not keyed. Format: RegistryTypes (see types).

You can read more about defining types for polkadot-js here.

Connecting a modified node template

Polkadot-js can recognize the standard node template and inject the correct types, but if you have modified the name of your chain in the node template you will need to add the types manually in a JSON types file like so:

// my-chains-types.json
{
  "Address": "AccountId",
  "LookupSource": "AccountId"
}

and then set the enviroment variable to point to your definitions:

export SAS_SUBSTRATE_TYPES=/path/to/my-chains-types.json

Logging

• SAS_LOG_LEVEL: The lowest priority log level to surface, defaults to info. Tip: set to http to see all HTTP requests.
• SAS_LOG_JSON:Whether or not to have logs formatted as JSON, defaults to false. Useful when using stdout to programmatically process Sidecar log data.
• SAS_LOG_FILTER_RPC: Whether or not to filter polkadot-js API-WS RPC logging, defaults to false.
• SAS_LOG_STRIP_ANSI: Whether or not to strip ANSI characters from logs, defaults to false. Useful when logging RPC calls with JSON written to transports.
• SAS_LOG_WRITE: Whether or not to write logs to a log file. Default is set to false. Accepts a boolean value. The log files will be written as logs.log. NOTE: It will only log what is available depending on what SAS_LOG_LEVEL is set to.
• SAS_LOG_WRITE_PATH: Specifies the path to write the log files. Default will be where the package is installed.
• SAS_LOG_WRITE_MAX_FILE_SIZE: Specifies in bytes what the max file size for the written log files should be. Default is 5242880 (5MB). NOTE Once the the max amount of files have reached their max size, the logger will start to rewrite over the first log file.
• SAS_LOG_WRITE_MAX_FILES: Specifies how many files can be written. Default is 5.

Log levels

Log levels in order of decreasing importance are: error, warn, info, http, verbose, debug, silly.

http status code range	log level
code < 400	http
400 <= code < 500	warn
500 < code	error

RPC logging

If looking to track raw RPC requests/responses, one can use yarn start:log-rpc to turn on polkadot-js's logging. It is recommended to also set SAS_LOG_STRIP_ANSI=true to increase the readability of the logging stream.

N.B. If running yarn start:log-rpc, the NODE_ENV will be set to test. In order still run your .env file you can symlink it with .env.test. For example you could run ln -s .env.myEnv .env.test && yarn start:log-rpc to use .env.myEnv to set ENV variables. (see linux commands ln and unlink for more info.)

Prometheus server

Prometheus metrics can be enabled by running sidecar with the following env configuration: SAS_METRICS_ENABLED=true

You can also expand the metrics tracking capabilities to include query params by adding to the env configuration: SAS_METRICS_INCLUDE_QUERYPARAMS=true

The metrics endpoint can then be accessed :

• on the default port : http://127.0.0.1:9100/metrics or
• on your custom port if you defined one : http://127.0.0.1:<YOUR_CUSTOM_PORT>/metrics

A JSON format response is available at http://127.0.0.1:9100/metrics.json.

That way you will have access to the default prometheus node instance metrics and the following metrics will be emitted for each route:

• sas_http_request_error: type counter and tracks http errors occuring in sidecar
• sas_http_request_success: type counter and tracks successfull http requests
• sas_http_requests: type counter and tracks all http requests
• sas_request_duration_seconds: type histogram and tracks the latency of the requests
• sas_response_size_bytes_seconds: type histogram and tracks the response size of the requests
• sas_response_size_latency_ratio_seconds: type histogram and tracks the response bytes per second of the requests

The blocks controller also includes the following route-specific metrics:

• sas_extrinsics_in_request: type histogram and tracks the number of extrinsics returned in the request when a range of blocks is queried
• sas_extrinsics_per_second: type histogram and tracks the returned extrinics per second
• sas_extrinsics_per_block: type histogram and tracks the returned extrinsics per block
• sas_seconds_per_block: type histogram and tracks the request time per block

The metrics registry is injected in the Response object when the SAS_METRICS_ENABLED flag is set to true in the .env file, allowing to extend the controller based metrics to any given controller from within the controller functions.

To successfully run and access the metrics and logs in Grafana (for example) the following are required:

• prometheus server (info here)
• loki server and promtail (info here)

For mac users using homebrew:

brew install prometheus loki promtail

Debugging fee and staking payout calculations

It is possible to get more information about the fee and staking payout calculation process logged to the console. Because these calculations happens in the statically compiled web assembly part, a re-compile with the proper environment variable set is necessary:

CALC_DEBUG=1 sh calc/build.sh

Available endpoints

Click here for full endpoint docs.

Chain integration guide

Click here for chain integration guide.

Docker

With each release, the maintainers publish a docker image to dockerhub at parity/substrate-api-sidecar

Pull the latest release

docker pull docker.io/parity/substrate-api-sidecar:latest

The specific image tag matches the release version.

Or build from source

yarn build:docker

Run

# For default use run:
docker run --rm -it --read-only -p 8080:8080 substrate-api-sidecar

# Or if you want to use environment variables set in `.env.docker`, run:
docker run --rm -it --read-only --env-file .env.docker -p 8080:8080 substrate-api-sidecar

NOTE: While you could omit the --read-only flag, it is strongly recommended for containers used in production.

then you can test with:

curl -s http://0.0.0.0:8080/blocks/head | jq

N.B. The docker flow presented here is just a sample to help get started. Modifications may be necessary for secure usage.

Contribute

Need help or want to contribute ideas or code? Head over to our CONTRIBUTING doc for more information.

Notes for maintainers

Commits

All the commits in this repo follow the Conventional Commits spec. When merging a PR, make sure 1) to use squash merge and 2) that the title of the PR follows the Conventional Commits spec.

Updating polkadot-js dependencies

1. Whenever the polkadot-js ecosystem releases a new version, it's important to keep up with these updates and review the release notes for any breaking changes or high priority updates. In order to update all the dependencies and resolutions, create a new branch, such as yourname-update-pjs, and then run yarn up "@polkadot/*" in that branch.

   • @polkadot/api release notes
   • @polkadot/util-crypto release notes
   • @substrate/calc npm release page

2. Ensure everything is up to date and working by running the following:

   yarn
   yarn dedupe
   yarn build
   yarn lint
   yarn test
   yarn test:historical-e2e-tests
   yarn test:latest-e2e-tests
   

3. Commit the dependency updates with a name like chore(deps): update polkadot-js deps (adjust the title based on what was updated; refer to the commit history for examples). Then, wait for it to be merged.

4. Follow RELEASE.md next if you're working through a full sidecar release. This will involve creating a separate PR where the changelog and versions are bumped.

Maintenance Guide

A more complete list of the maintainer's tasks can be found in the MAINTENANCE.md guide.

Hardware requirements

Disk Space

Sidecar is a stateless program and thus should not use any disk space.

Memory

The requirements follow the default of node.js processes which is an upper bound in HEAP memory of a little less than 2GB thus 4GB of memory should be sufficient.

Running sidecar and a node

Please note that if you run sidecar next to a substrate node in a single machine then your system specifications should improve significantly.

• Our official specifications related to validator nodes can be found in the polkadot wiki page.
• Regarding archive nodes :
  • again as mentioned in the polkadot wiki page, the space needed from an archive node depends on which block we are currently on (of the specific chain we are referring to).
  • there are no other hardware requirements for an archive node since it is not time critical (archive nodes do not participate in the consensus).

Benchmarks

During the benchmarks we performed, we concluded that sidecar would use a max of 1.1GB of RSS memory.

The benchmarks were:

• using 4 threads over 12 open http connections and
• were overloading the cache with every runtime possible on polkadot.

Hardware specs in which the benchmarks were performed:

Machine type:
n2-standard-4 (4 vCPUs, 16 GB memory)

CPU Platform:
Intel Cascade Lake

Hard-Disk:
500GB

Benchmarks are automatically published in Github pages under the url https://paritytech.github.io/substrate-api-sidecar/dev/bench/. The data in the graphs are updated with every new commit/push in the master branch (refer to the benchmark.yml for more details).