[new-rule]prefer-while rule (#3750)

* prefer-while rule

Implements prefer-while rule in place of a for loop without an initializer and incrementer

* renamed failure object creation method

* fix json test file indentatons

* Address review comments

 
- Use isForStatement from tsutils
- Update failure string to be more descriptive
- Updated test messages

* remove uneccessary type assertion

- assertion now uneccessary with using isForStatement from tsutils

* Add rationale field to prefer-while rule metadata

* Use 'let' instead of 'const' in test

* Update rule description & failure string

- Updated the description and failure string of prefer-while
- Updated tests accordingly

* Coalesce test cases

- Combine test cases for 'bad' for loops and case for 'good' for loops
- Remove unneeded files
- Add comments to test cases

* Add additional test cases

- Added test case with incrmentor in body of loop
- Added test case with += incrementor

* Add code examples

- Added code examples for prefer-while rule

src/configs/all.ts

@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ export const rules = {
     "prefer-object-spread": true,
     "prefer-switch": true,
     "prefer-template": true,
+    "prefer-while": true,
     "quotemark": [
         true,
         "double",

src/rules/code-examples/preferWhile.examples.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2018 Palantir Technologies, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import * as Lint from "../../index";
+
+// tslint:disable: object-literal-sort-keys
+export const codeExamples = [
+    {
+        description: "Prefer `while` loops instead of `for` loops without an initializer and incrementor.",
+        config: Lint.Utils.dedent`
+            "rules": { "prefer-while": true }
+        `,
+        pass: Lint.Utils.dedent`
+            for(let x = 1; x < 10; x++) {
+                console.log(x);
+            }
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < 10; x+=1) {
+                console.log(x);
+            }
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < 10;) {
+                i += 1;
+            }
+        `,
+        fail: Lint.Utils.dedent`
+            for(;;) {
+                console.log(x);
+            }
+
+            for(;true===true;) {
+                console.log(x);
+            }
+        `,
+    },
+];

src/rules/preferWhileRule.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2018 Palantir Technologies, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { isForStatement } from "tsutils";
+import * as ts from "typescript";
+import * as Lint from "../index";
+import { codeExamples } from "./code-examples/preferWhile.examples";
+
+export class Rule extends Lint.Rules.AbstractRule {
+    /* tslint:disable:object-literal-sort-keys */
+    public static metadata: Lint.IRuleMetadata = {
+        ruleName: "prefer-while",
+        description: "Prefer `while` loops instead of `for` loops without an initializer and incrementor.",
+        rationale: "Simplifies the readability of the loop statement, while maintaining the same functionality.",
+        optionsDescription: "Not configurable.",
+        options: null,
+        optionExamples: [true],
+        hasFix: true,
+        type: "style",
+        typescriptOnly: false,
+        codeExamples,
+    };
+    /* tslint:enable:object-literal-sort-keys */
+
+    public static FAILURE_STRING = "Prefer `while` loops instead of `for` loops without an initializer and incrementor.";
+
+    public apply(sourceFile: ts.SourceFile): Lint.RuleFailure[] {
+        const failures: Lint.RuleFailure[] = [];
+
+        const cb = (node: ts.Node): void => {
+            if (isForStatement(node) && this.doesNodeViolateRule(node)) {
+                failures.push(this.createFailure(sourceFile, node));
+            }
+            return ts.forEachChild(node, cb);
+        };
+
+        ts.forEachChild(sourceFile, cb);
+        return failures;
+    }
+
+    private doesNodeViolateRule(node: ts.ForStatement) {
+        return (node.initializer === undefined && node.incrementor === undefined);
+    }
+
+    private createFailure(sourceFile: ts.SourceFile, node: ts.ForStatement): Lint.RuleFailure {
+        const start = node.getStart(sourceFile);
+        const end = node.statement.pos;
+
+        let fix: Lint.Fix;
+        if (node.condition === undefined) {
+            fix = Lint.Replacement.replaceFromTo(start, end, "while (true)");
+        } else {
+            fix = [
+                Lint.Replacement.replaceFromTo(start, node.condition.getStart(sourceFile), "while ("),
+                Lint.Replacement.deleteFromTo(node.condition.end, end - 1),
+            ];
+        }
+        return new Lint.RuleFailure(sourceFile, start, end, Rule.FAILURE_STRING, this.ruleName, fix);
+    }
+}

test/rules/prefer-while/test.ts.fix

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// for loops without an initializer, termination condition, and incrementor should be updated
+while (true) {
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops without an initializer and incrementor should be updated
+while (true===true) {
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops with an initializer, termination condition, and incrementor using '++' should remain untouched
+for(let x = 1; x < 10; x++) {
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops with an initializer, termination condition, and incrementor using '+=' should remain untouched
+for (let i = 0; i < 10; x+=1) {
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops with an initializer and termination condition should remain untouched
+for (let i = 0; i < 10;) {
+    i += 1;
+}

test/rules/prefer-while/test.ts.lint

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// for loops without an initializer, termination condition, and incrementor should be updated
+for(;;) {
+~~~~~~~   [Prefer `while` loops instead of `for` loops without an initializer and incrementor.]
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops without an initializer and incrementor should be updated
+for(;true===true;) {
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   [Prefer `while` loops instead of `for` loops without an initializer and incrementor.]
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops with an initializer, termination condition, and incrementor using '++' should remain untouched
+for(let x = 1; x < 10; x++) {
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops with an initializer, termination condition, and incrementor using '+=' should remain untouched
+for (let i = 0; i < 10; x+=1) {
+    console.log(x);
+}
+
+// for loops with an initializer and termination condition should remain untouched
+for (let i = 0; i < 10;) {
+    i += 1;
+}

test/rules/prefer-while/tslint.json

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "rules": {
+    "prefer-while": true
+  }
+}