add edge-pod-network doc

docs/tutorial/edge-pod-network.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+In edge scenario, edge node can be offline since the network between edge and cloud is unstable,
+thanks to node autonomy feature provided by yurt-hub, pods can still be working,
+however there are some cases we need to take care.
+
+### Flannel: keep Vtep mac address
+**Background**
+
+If we use flannel as CNI plugin, in VXLAN mode, a Vtep device (usually named as "flannel.1") is created on each host,
+and the VNI, VtepMAC info are recorded in kube node annotation, consumed by other nodes to be aware and apply
+the corresponding routes and forwarding rules.
+
+<div align="center">
+  <img src="../img/flannel-architecture.png" width=75% title="flannel-architecture" alt="flannel-architecture">
+</div>
+
+The flannel architecture is show in above pic, we take the two nodes as example:
+- node2 created flannel.1 device with mac address "9e:c9:07:f9:b3:8b" and ip address "10.0.0.20", and update it in annotation.
+```yaml
+# node2 annotation with vtep info.
+flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: '{"VtepMAC":"9e:c9:07:f9:b3:8b"}'
+flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 10.0.0.20
+```
+- node1 will then set the fdb, arp, route entry in its host network namespace to form a L2 overlay tunnel.
+```shell script
+fdb: 9e:c9:07:f9:b3:8b dev flannel.1 dst 10.0.0.20 self permanent
+arp: ? (172.30.133.0) at 9e:c9:07:f9:b3:8b [ether] PERM on flannel.1
+route: 172.30.133.0/26 via 172.30.133.0 dev flannel.1 onlink
+```
+
+Each time node2 restarted, flannel will create new Vtep device with new mac address, and update the info in node2's annotation.
+
+However, if node2 is offline, the update cannot be truly done, node1 will not be aware of the mac address change,
+this will cause pod connectivity issues between edge nodes.
+
+**Solution: Keep Vtep mac address in flannel**
+
+For each time flannel restarted and try to create new Vtep device, it reads the mac address from node annotation, 
+either from kube-apiserver or yurt-hub local cache, and use it for Vtep device if exists.
+
+For this solution, there is minor code change in flannel.
+
+
+### IPAM: keep pod ip address
+**Background**
+
+In most cases, host-local IPAM is used for CNI plugin. It works by assigning free ip address for each new pod from node's CIDR range,
+and recording the assigned ips in local data directory, to denote them occupied.
+
+For example, if IPAM dataDir is configured as "/var/lib/cni/networks/cbr0", it looks like below,
+```shell script
+$ ls /var/lib/cni/networks/cbr0
+172.30.132.194  172.30.132.198  172.30.132.201
+```
+For some edge application, static pod ip is required, which means pod ip address cannot be changed when it's recreated.
+
+**Solution: Keep ip address in IPAM**
+
+To support this, we need to adjust the IPAM plugin to record {ip}-{pod namespace}-{pod name} binding info, instead of single ips.
+For incoming ip allocation request, IPAM plugin will use the binded ip if same pod already exists in data directory.
+
+The record for each pod can be like:
+```shell script
+$ ls /var/lib/cni/networks/cbr0
+172.30.132.194_kube-system_coredns-vstxh  172.30.132.198_kube-system_nginx-76df748b9-4cz95  172.30.132.201_kube-system_nginx-76df748b9-nf5l9
+```
+For this solution, there is minor code change in host-local IPAM plugin.