Add event aggregation use case to Data Prepper documentation

_data-prepper/common-use-cases/event-aggregation.md

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+---
+layout: default
+title: Event aggregation with Data Prepper
+parent: Common use cases
+nav_order: 40
+---
+
+# Event aggregation with Data Prepper
+
+You can use Data Prepper to aggregate data from different events over a period of time. Aggregating events can help reduce unnecessary log volume and handle use cases like multiline logs that come in as separate events. The [`aggregate` processor]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/data-prepper/pipelines/configuration/processors/aggregate/) is a stateful processor that groups events based on the values for a set of specified identification keys, and performs a configurable action on each group.
+
+State in the `aggregate` processor is stored in memory. For example, in order to combine four events into one, the processor needs to retain pieces of the first three events. The state of an aggregate group of events is kept for a configurable amount of time. Depending on your logs, the aggregate action being used, and the amount of memory options in the processor configuration, the aggregation could take place over a long period of time.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+The following example pipeline extracts the fields `sourceIp`, `destinationIp`, and `port` using the [`grok` processor]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/data-prepper/pipelines/configuration/processors/grok/), and then aggregates on those fields over a period of 30 seconds using the [`aggregate` processor]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/data-prepper/pipelines/configuration/processors/aggregate/) and the `put_all` action. At the end of the 30 seconds, the aggregated log is sent to the OpenSearch sink.
+
+```json
+aggregate_pipeline:  
+   source:
+     http:
+      path: "/${pipelineName}/logs"
+   processor:
+     - grok:
+         match: 
+           log: ["%{IPORHOST:sourceIp} %{IPORHOST:destinationIp} %{NUMBER:port:int}"]
+     - aggregate:
+         group_duration: "30s"
+         identification_keys: ["sourceIp", "destinationIp", "port"]
+         action:
+           put_all:
+   sink:
+     - opensearch:
+         ...
+         index: aggregated_logs
+```
+{% include copy-curl.html %}
+
+For example, consider the following batch of logs:
+
+```json
+{ "log": "127.0.0.1 192.168.0.1 80", "status": 200 }
+{ "log": "127.0.0.1 192.168.0.1 80", "bytes": 1000 }
+{ "log": "127.0.0.1 192.168.0.1 80" "http_verb": "GET" }
+```
+{% include copy-curl.html %}
+
+he `grok` processor will extract keys such that the log events look like the following. These events now have the data that the `aggregate` processor will need for the `identification_keys`.
+
+```json
+{ "sourceIp": "127.0.0.1", "destinationIp": "192.168.0.1", "port": 80, "status": 200 }
+{ "sourceIp": "127.0.0.1", "destinationIp": "192.168.0.1", "port": 80, "bytes": 1000 }
+{ "sourceIp": "127.0.0.1", "destinationIp": "192.168.0.1", "port": 80, "http_verb": "GET" }
+```
+{% include copy-curl.html %}
+
+When the group finishes 30 seconds after when the first log is received by the `aggregate` processor, the following aggregated log is written to the sink:
+
+```json
+{ "sourceIp": "127.0.0.1", "destinationIp": "192.168.0.1", "port": 80, "status": 200, "bytes": 1000, "http_verb": "GET" }
+```
+{% include copy-curl.html %}
+
+## Removing duplicates
+
+You can remove duplicate entries by deriving keys from incoming events and specifying the `remove_duplicates` option for the `aggregate` processor. This action immediately processes the first event for a group, and drops all following events in that group.
+
+In the following example, the first event is processed with the identification keys `sourceIp` and `destinationIp`:
+
+```json
+{ "sourceIp": "127.0.0.1", "destinationIp": "192.168.0.1", "status": 200 }
+```
+{% include copy-curl.html %}
+
+The pipeline will then drop the following event because it has the same keys:
+
+```json
+{ "sourceIp": "127.0.0.1", "destinationIp": "192.168.0.1", "bytes": 1000 }
+```
+{% include copy-curl.html %}
+
+The pipeline processes this event and creates a new group because the `sourceIp` is different:
+
+```json
+{ "sourceIp": "127.0.0.2", "destinationIp": "192.168.0.1", "bytes": 1000 }
+```
+{% include copy-curl.html %}
+
+## Log aggregation and conditional routing
+
+You can use multiple plugins to combine log aggregation with conditional routing. In this example, the sub-pipeline `log-aggregate-pipeline` receives logs by using an HTTP client like FluentBit and extracts important values from the logs by matching the value in the `log` key against the common Apache log pattern.
+
+Two of the values the sub-pipeline extracts from the logs with a grok pattern include `response` and `clientip`. The `aggregate` processor then uses the `clientip` value, along with the `remove_duplicates` option, to drop any logs that contain a `clientip` that has already been processed within the given `group_duration`.
+
+Three routes, or conditional statements, exist in the pipeline. These routes separate the value of the response into 2xx/3xx, 4xx, and 5xx responses. Logs with a 2xx and 3xx status are sent to the aggregated_2xx_3xx index, logs with a 4xx status are sent to the aggregated_4xx index, and logs with a 5xx status are sent to the aggregated_5xx index.
+
+```json
+log-aggregate-pipeline:
+  source:
+    http:
+      # Provide the path for ingestion. ${pipelineName} will be replaced with pipeline name configured for this pipeline.
+      # In this case it would be "/log-aggregate-pipeline/logs". This will be the FluentBit output URI value.
+      path: "/${pipelineName}/logs"
+  processor:
+    - grok:
+        match:
+          log: [ "%{COMMONAPACHELOG_DATATYPED}" ]
+    - aggregate:
+        identification_keys: ["clientip"]
+        action:
+          remove_duplicates:
+        group_duration: "180s"
+  route:
+    - 2xx_status: "/response >= 200 and /response < 300"
+    - 3xx_status: "/response >= 300 and /response < 400"
+    - 4xx_status: "/response >= 400 and /response < 500"
+    - 5xx_status: "/response >= 500 and /response < 600"
+  sink:
+    - opensearch:
+        ...
+        index: "aggregated_2xx_3xx"
+        routes:
+          - 2xx_status
+          - 3xx_status
+    - opensearch:
+        ...
+        index: "aggregated_4xx"
+        routes:
+          - 4xx_status
+    - opensearch:
+        ...
+        index: "aggregated_5xx"
+        routes:
+          - 5xx_status
+```