[Proposal] Add WithAttribute methods for metric measurement operations with attributes

[MrAlias]

#3943 (comment)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3955 (6f4fa65) into main (271df1d) will increase coverage by 0.0%.
The diff coverage is 93.9%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main   #3955   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   81.7%   81.8%           
=====================================
  Files        171     171           
  Lines      12950   12982   +32     
=====================================
+ Hits       10585   10621   +36     
+ Misses      2142    2138    -4     
  Partials     223     223           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
metric/instrument/asyncfloat64.go	100.0% <ø> (ø)
metric/instrument/asyncint64.go	100.0% <ø> (ø)
metric/instrument/syncfloat64.go	100.0% <ø> (ø)
metric/instrument/syncint64.go	100.0% <ø> (ø)
sdk/metric/meter.go	88.3% <66.6%> (-1.3%)	⬇️
internal/global/instruments.go	64.0% <100.0%> (+3.1%)	⬆️
metric/noop/noop.go	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
sdk/metric/instrument.go	96.1% <100.0%> (+0.1%)	⬆️

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

[MrAlias]

#3971