Renaming Guard Methods to make their action more explicit

[mic-max]

Fixes #2501 (comment)
Use more explicit method names for Guard.cs
Thanks @pellared and @reyang !

New Throw Method Names

• ThrowIfNull
• ThrowIfNullOrEmpty
• ThrowIfNullOrWhitespace
• ThrowIfZero
• ThrowIfInvalidTimeout
• ThrowIfOutOfRange

---

• Appropriate CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Design discussion issue #
• Changes in public API reviewed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2762 (ab65a2d) into main (fc35311) will increase coverage by 0.07%.
The diff coverage is 92.90%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2762      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   83.78%   83.85%   +0.07%     
==========================================
  Files         251      251              
  Lines        8835     8835              
==========================================
+ Hits         7402     7409       +7     
+ Misses       1433     1426       -7     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...rter.InMemory/InMemoryExporterLoggingExtensions.cs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...y.Exporter.Prometheus/PrometheusExporterOptions.cs	66.66% <0.00%> (ø)
...c/OpenTelemetry/Logs/OpenTelemetryLoggerOptions.cs	72.72% <50.00%> (ø)
...c/OpenTelemetry/Metrics/MeterProviderExtensions.cs	30.30% <50.00%> (ø)
.../OpenTelemetry/Metrics/MeterProviderBuilderBase.cs	88.23% <60.00%> (ø)
...rc/OpenTelemetry/Trace/TracerProviderExtensions.cs	40.00% <66.66%> (ø)
...OpenTelemetry.Shims.OpenTracing/SpanBuilderShim.cs	91.48% <88.88%> (ø)
src/OpenTelemetry.Api/Baggage.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
.../Context/Propagation/CompositeTextMapPropagator.cs	83.33% <100.00%> (ø)
src/OpenTelemetry.Api/Context/RuntimeContext.cs	90.90% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 69 more