[ResourceDetector.Host] Add host.id for non-containerized systems

[matt-hensley]

Fixes #1630

Changes

Adds support for setting host.id on Linux, MacOS, and Windows when running outside a container.

• Appropriate CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Design discussion issue #
• Changes in public API reviewed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 58.33333% with 30 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 54.11%. Comparing base (71655ce) to head (b6444be).
Report is 183 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1631       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   73.91%   54.11%   -19.80%     
===========================================
  Files         267        2      -265     
  Lines        9615       85     -9530     
===========================================
- Hits         7107       46     -7061     
+ Misses       2508       39     -2469     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests-ResourceDetectors.Host	54.11% <58.33%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files	Coverage Δ
...enTelemetry.ResourceDetectors.Host/HostDetector.cs	56.96% <58.33%> (ø)

... and 263 files with indirect coverage changes

[Kielek]

Please extend also README and CHANGELOG.

Good to see this PR!

[Kielek]

Please fix compilation/linting issues.