bpf: Add bpf_read_branch_records() helper

Branch records are a CPU feature that can be configured to record
certain branches that are taken during code execution. This data is
particularly interesting for profile guided optimizations. perf has had
branch record support for a while but the data collection can be a bit
coarse grained.

We (Facebook) have seen in experiments that associating metadata with
branch records can improve results (after postprocessing). We generally
use bpf_probe_read_*() to get metadata out of userspace. That's why bpf
support for branch records is useful.

Aside from this particular use case, having branch data available to bpf
progs can be useful to get stack traces out of userspace applications
that omit frame pointers.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Xu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/[email protected]

include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -2892,6 +2892,25 @@ union bpf_attr {
  *		Obtain the 64bit jiffies
  *	Return
  *		The 64 bit jiffies
+ *
+ * int bpf_read_branch_records(struct bpf_perf_event_data *ctx, void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
+ *	Description
+ *		For an eBPF program attached to a perf event, retrieve the
+ *		branch records (struct perf_branch_entry) associated to *ctx*
+ *		and store it in	the buffer pointed by *buf* up to size
+ *		*size* bytes.
+ *	Return
+ *		On success, number of bytes written to *buf*. On error, a
+ *		negative value.
+ *
+ *		The *flags* can be set to **BPF_F_GET_BRANCH_RECORDS_SIZE** to
+ *		instead	return the number of bytes required to store all the
+ *		branch entries. If this flag is set, *buf* may be NULL.
+ *
+ *		**-EINVAL** if arguments invalid or **size** not a multiple
+ *		of sizeof(struct perf_branch_entry).
+ *
+ *		**-ENOENT** if architecture does not support branch records.
  */
 #define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)		\
 	FN(unspec),			\
@@ -3012,7 +3031,8 @@ union bpf_attr {
 	FN(probe_read_kernel_str),	\
 	FN(tcp_send_ack),		\
 	FN(send_signal_thread),		\
-	FN(jiffies64),
+	FN(jiffies64),			\
+	FN(read_branch_records),
 
 /* integer value in 'imm' field of BPF_CALL instruction selects which helper
  * function eBPF program intends to call
@@ -3091,6 +3111,9 @@ enum bpf_func_id {
 /* BPF_FUNC_sk_storage_get flags */
 #define BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE	(1ULL << 0)
 
+/* BPF_FUNC_read_branch_records flags. */
+#define BPF_F_GET_BRANCH_RECORDS_SIZE	(1ULL << 0)
+
 /* Mode for BPF_FUNC_skb_adjust_room helper. */
 enum bpf_adj_room_mode {
 	BPF_ADJ_ROOM_NET,

kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c

@@ -1028,6 +1028,45 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_perf_prog_read_value_proto = {
          .arg3_type      = ARG_CONST_SIZE,
 };
 
+BPF_CALL_4(bpf_read_branch_records, struct bpf_perf_event_data_kern *, ctx,
+	   void *, buf, u32, size, u64, flags)
+{
+#ifndef CONFIG_X86
+	return -ENOENT;
+#else
+	static const u32 br_entry_size = sizeof(struct perf_branch_entry);
+	struct perf_branch_stack *br_stack = ctx->data->br_stack;
+	u32 to_copy;
+
+	if (unlikely(flags & ~BPF_F_GET_BRANCH_RECORDS_SIZE))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(!br_stack))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (flags & BPF_F_GET_BRANCH_RECORDS_SIZE)
+		return br_stack->nr * br_entry_size;
+
+	if (!buf || (size % br_entry_size != 0))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	to_copy = min_t(u32, br_stack->nr * br_entry_size, size);
+	memcpy(buf, br_stack->entries, to_copy);
+
+	return to_copy;
+#endif
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_read_branch_records_proto = {
+	.func           = bpf_read_branch_records,
+	.gpl_only       = true,
+	.ret_type       = RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type      = ARG_PTR_TO_CTX,
+	.arg2_type      = ARG_PTR_TO_MEM_OR_NULL,
+	.arg3_type      = ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg4_type      = ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
 static const struct bpf_func_proto *
 pe_prog_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
@@ -1040,6 +1079,8 @@ pe_prog_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return &bpf_get_stack_proto_tp;
 	case BPF_FUNC_perf_prog_read_value:
 		return &bpf_perf_prog_read_value_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_read_branch_records:
+		return &bpf_read_branch_records_proto;
 	default:
 		return tracing_func_proto(func_id, prog);
 	}