feat: add asdf version manager

[lukasholzer]

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Summary

Fixes #787

As a preparation to make our build image working with arm64 we should get rid of a lot of installers therefore let's add asdf as this was requested anyways

List of available plugins:

https://github.com/asdf-vm/asdf-plugins

to install a plugin you can do so:

RUN asdf plugin add ruby && \
    asdf plugin add nodejs && \
    asdf plugin add golang && \
    asdf plugin add python && \
    asdf plugin add hugo && \
    asdf plugin add php && \
    asdf plugin add rust && \
    asdf plugin add clojure

# install a version
RUN asdf install golang 1.18

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[kitop]

Closing as stale and not planned