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Signed-off-by: Marcello Seri <[email protected]>
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mseri committed Dec 17, 2024
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions 2c-vectorbdl.tex
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Expand Up @@ -104,10 +104,10 @@ \section{Vector bundles}\label{sec:vec-bdls}
\newthought{Part 1. $E$ has a structure of smooth manifold}.
Let $(U_\alpha, \varphi_\alpha)$ be a smooth structure on $M$ adapted to the given open cover.
We need to use this, and the given maps from the statement, to define charts from $E_p$ to $\R^n\times\R^k$.
For each $p\in M$, choose an open neighbourhood $V_p \subseteq U_\alpha$ for some $\alpha\in A$.
For each $p\in M$, choose an open neighbourhood $V_p \supseteq U_\alpha$ for some $\alpha\in A$.
Observe that $\pi^{-1}(V_p) \subseteq E_p$ and $\widetilde{V}_p := \varphi_\alpha(V_p) \subseteq \R^n$ and therefore it may be natural to consider the collection $\{(\pi^{-1}(V_p), \widetilde{\varphi}_p)\mid p\in M\}$, where
\begin{equation}
\widetilde{\varphi}_p := (\varphi_\alpha\times \id_k) \circ \varPhi_\alpha : \pi^{-1}(V_p) \xrightarrow{\varPhi_\alpha} V_p\times\R^k \xrightarrow{\varphi_\alpha\times \id_k} \widetilde{V}_p\times \R^n,
\widetilde{\varphi}_p := (\varphi_\alpha\times \id_k) \circ \varPhi_\alpha : \pi^{-1}(V_p) \xrightarrow{\varPhi_\alpha} V_p\times\R^k \xrightarrow{\varphi_\alpha\times \id_k} \widetilde{V}_p\times \R^k,
\end{equation}
as a candidate to apply the Smooth Manifold Lemma~\ref{lem:manifold_chart}.
This would give $E$ both a topology and a smooth structure.
Expand All @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ \section{Vector bundles}\label{sec:vec-bdls}
First of all, observe that $\widetilde{\varphi}_p$ is a bijection from $\pi^{-1}(V_p)$ onto $\widetilde{V}_p\times\R^k \subseteq \R^{n+k}$ since it is the composition of bijective maps.
By construction, for $p,q\in M$, we have
\begin{equation}
\widetilde{\varphi}_p(\pi^{-1}(V_p) \cap \pi^{-1}(V_q)) = \phi_p(V_p\cap V_q)\times \R^k
\widetilde{\varphi}_p(\pi^{-1}(V_p) \cap \pi^{-1}(V_q)) = \varphi_p(V_p\cap V_q)\times \R^k
\end{equation}
which is open in $\R^{n+k}$ since $\varphi_p$ is a homeomorphism onto an open $V_p\subseteq\R^n$.
Finally, on the overlap of two charts, there are $\alpha, \beta\in A$ such that
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions 4-cotangentbdl.tex
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Expand Up @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ \section{The cotangent space}

\begin{definition}
Let $V$ a vector space of dimension $n\in \N$.
Its \emph{dual space} $V^* := \cL(V, \R)$ is the $n$-dimensional real vector space of linear maps $\omega:V \to R$.
Its \emph{dual space} $V^* := \cL(V, \R)$ is the $n$-dimensional real vector space of linear maps $\omega:V \to \R$.
The elements of $V^*$ are usually called \emph{linear functionals} and for $\omega\in V^*$ and $v\in V$ it is common to write
\begin{equation}
\omega(v) =: (\omega, v) =: (\omega \mid v).
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ \section{One-forms and the cotangent bundle}
\end{example}

\begin{exercise}
Prove that the Whitney Sum\footnote{See Exercise~\ref{ex:whitney}.}
Prove that the Whitney Sum\footnote{See Exercise~\ref{ex:whitney}.}
of two vector bundles $\pi_1 : E_1 \to M$ and $\pi_2 : E_2 \to M$
is the pullback $\Delta^*(E_1 \times E_2)$ of their product bundle by the diagonal map
$\Delta : M \to M \times M$, $\Delta(x) = (x, x)$.
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