[blake3] Update port to use official buildsystem

[BurningEnlightenment]

The blake3 library got a modern CMake buildsystem with target exports in BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3#304. This PR backports the official buildsystem to the old/current release.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[BurningEnlightenment]

@MonicaLiu0311 this is ready for review.

[MonicaLiu0311]

The usage test passed (header files found):

blake3 provides CMake targets:

    # this is heuristically generated, and may not be correct
    find_package(blake3 CONFIG REQUIRED)
    target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE BLAKE3::blake3)