feat(rush,node-core-library): allow weighted async concurrency

common/changes/@microsoft/rush/sennyeya-weighted-graph_2024-05-01-22-51.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@microsoft/rush",
+      "comment": "Add a `\"weight\"` property to the `\"operation\"` object in the project `config/rush-project.json` file that defines an integer weight for how much of the allowed parallelism the operation uses.",
+      "type": "none"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@microsoft/rush"
+}

common/changes/@rushstack/node-core-library/sennyeya-weighted-graph_2024-05-01-22-51.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@rushstack/node-core-library",
+      "comment": "Add a new `weighted: true` option to the `Async.forEachAsync` method that allows each element to specify how much of the allowed parallelism the callback uses.",
+      "type": "minor"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@rushstack/node-core-library"
+}

common/changes/@rushstack/node-core-library/sennyeya-weighted-graph_2024-05-03-22-13.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@rushstack/node-core-library",
+      "comment": "Add a new `weighted: true` option to the `Async.mapAsync` method that allows each element to specify how much of the allowed parallelism the callback uses.",
+      "type": "patch"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@rushstack/node-core-library"
+}

common/reviews/api/node-core-library.api.md

@@ -25,11 +25,22 @@ export class AlreadyReportedError extends Error {
 
 // @public
 export class Async {
-    static forEachAsync<TEntry>(iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>, callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>, options?: IAsyncParallelismOptions | undefined): Promise<void>;
+    static forEachAsync<TEntry>(iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>, callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>, options?: (IAsyncParallelismOptions & {
+        weighted?: false;
+    }) | undefined): Promise<void>;
+    static forEachAsync<TEntry extends IWeighted>(iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>, callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>, options: IAsyncParallelismOptions & {
+        weighted: true;
+    }): Promise<void>;
     static getSignal(): [Promise<void>, () => void, (err: Error) => void];
-    static mapAsync<TEntry, TRetVal>(iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>, callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<TRetVal>, options?: IAsyncParallelismOptions | undefined): Promise<TRetVal[]>;
+    static mapAsync<TEntry, TRetVal>(iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>, callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<TRetVal>, options?: (IAsyncParallelismOptions & {
+        weighted?: false;
+    }) | undefined): Promise<TRetVal[]>;
+    static mapAsync<TEntry extends IWeighted, TRetVal>(iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>, callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<TRetVal>, options: IAsyncParallelismOptions & {
+        weighted: true;
+    }): Promise<TRetVal[]>;
     static runWithRetriesAsync<TResult>({ action, maxRetries, retryDelayMs }: IRunWithRetriesOptions<TResult>): Promise<TResult>;
     static sleep(ms: number): Promise<void>;
+    static validateWeightedIterable(operation: IWeighted): void;
 }
 
 // @public
@@ -225,6 +236,7 @@ export type FolderItem = fs.Dirent;
 // @public
 export interface IAsyncParallelismOptions {
     concurrency?: number;
+    weighted?: boolean;
 }
 
 // @public
@@ -602,6 +614,11 @@ export interface IWaitForExitWithStringOptions extends IWaitForExitOptions {
     encoding: BufferEncoding;
 }
 
+// @public (undocumented)
+export interface IWeighted {
+    weight: number;
+}
+
 // @public
 export class JsonFile {
     // @internal (undocumented)

common/reviews/api/rush-lib.api.md

@@ -619,6 +619,7 @@ export interface IOperationSettings {
     disableBuildCacheForOperation?: boolean;
     operationName: string;
     outputFolderNames?: string[];
+    weight?: number;
 }
 
 // @internal (undocumented)

libraries/node-core-library/src/Async.ts

@@ -5,16 +5,24 @@
  * Options for controlling the parallelism of asynchronous operations.
  *
  * @remarks
- * Used with {@link Async.mapAsync} and {@link Async.forEachAsync}.
+ * Used with {@link (Async:class).(mapAsync:1)}, {@link (Async:class).(mapAsync:2)} and
+ * {@link (Async:class).(forEachAsync:1)}, and {@link (Async:class).(forEachAsync:2)}.
  *
  * @public
  */
 export interface IAsyncParallelismOptions {
   /**
-   * Optionally used with the  {@link Async.mapAsync} and {@link Async.forEachAsync}
-   * to limit the maximum number of concurrent promises to the specified number.
+   * Optionally used with the  {@link (Async:class).(mapAsync:1)}, {@link (Async:class).(mapAsync:2)} and
+   * {@link (Async:class).(forEachAsync:1)}, and {@link (Async:class).(forEachAsync:2)} to limit the maximum
+   * number of concurrent promises to the specified number.
    */
   concurrency?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Optionally used with the {@link (Async:class).(forEachAsync:2)} to enable weighted operations where an operation can
+   * take up more or less than one concurrency unit.
+   */
+  weighted?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -29,6 +37,42 @@ export interface IRunWithRetriesOptions<TResult> {
   retryDelayMs?: number;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @remarks
+ * Used with {@link (Async:class).(forEachAsync:2)} and {@link (Async:class).(mapAsync:2)}.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export interface IWeighted {
+  /**
+   * The weight of the element, used to determine the concurrency units that it will take up.
+   *  Must be a whole number greater than or equal to 0.
+   */
+  weight: number;
+}
+
+function toWeightedIterator<TEntry>(
+  iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
+  useWeights?: boolean
+): AsyncIterable<{ element: TEntry; weight: number }> {
+  const iterator: Iterator<TEntry> | AsyncIterator<TEntry, TEntry> = (
+    (iterable as Iterable<TEntry>)[Symbol.iterator] ||
+    (iterable as AsyncIterable<TEntry>)[Symbol.asyncIterator]
+  ).call(iterable);
+  return {
+    [Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => ({
+      next: async () => {
+        // The await is necessary here, but TS will complain - it's a false positive.
+        const { value, done } = await iterator.next();
+        return {
+          value: { element: value, weight: useWeights ? value?.weight : 1 },
+          done: !!done
+        };
+      }
+    })
+  };
+}
+
 /**
  * Utilities for parallel asynchronous operations, for use with the system `Promise` APIs.
  *
@@ -58,29 +102,18 @@ export class Async {
   public static async mapAsync<TEntry, TRetVal>(
     iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
     callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<TRetVal>,
-    options?: IAsyncParallelismOptions | undefined
-  ): Promise<TRetVal[]> {
-    const result: TRetVal[] = [];
-
-    await Async.forEachAsync(
-      iterable,
-      async (item: TEntry, arrayIndex: number): Promise<void> => {
-        result[arrayIndex] = await callback(item, arrayIndex);
-      },
-      options
-    );
-
-    return result;
-  }
+    options?: (IAsyncParallelismOptions & { weighted?: false }) | undefined
+  ): Promise<TRetVal[]>;
 
   /**
    * Given an input array and a `callback` function, invoke the callback to start a
-   * promise for each element in the array.
+   * promise for each element in the array.  Returns an array containing the results.
    *
    * @remarks
-   * This API is similar to the system `Array#forEach`, except that the loop is asynchronous,
-   * and the maximum number of concurrent promises can be throttled
-   * using {@link IAsyncParallelismOptions.concurrency}.
+   * This API is similar to the system `Array#map`, except that the loop is asynchronous,
+   * and the maximum number of concurrent units can be throttled
+   * using {@link IAsyncParallelismOptions.concurrency}. Using the {@link IAsyncParallelismOptions.weighted}
+   * option, the weight of each operation can be specified, which determines how many concurrent units it takes up.
    *
    * If `callback` throws a synchronous exception, or if it returns a promise that rejects,
    * then the loop stops immediately.  Any remaining array items will be skipped, and
@@ -90,16 +123,42 @@ export class Async {
    * @param callback - a function that starts an asynchronous promise for an element
    *   from the array
    * @param options - options for customizing the control flow
+   * @returns an array containing the result for each callback, in the same order
+   *   as the original input `array`
    */
-  public static async forEachAsync<TEntry>(
+  public static async mapAsync<TEntry extends IWeighted, TRetVal>(
     iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
-    callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>,
+    callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<TRetVal>,
+    options: IAsyncParallelismOptions & { weighted: true }
+  ): Promise<TRetVal[]>;
+  public static async mapAsync<TEntry, TRetVal>(
+    iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
+    callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<TRetVal>,
+    options?: IAsyncParallelismOptions | undefined
+  ): Promise<TRetVal[]> {
+    const result: TRetVal[] = [];
+
+    // @ts-expect-error https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/22609, it succeeds against the implementation but fails against the overloads
+    await Async.forEachAsync(
+      iterable,
+      async (item: TEntry, arrayIndex: number): Promise<void> => {
+        result[arrayIndex] = await callback(item, arrayIndex);
+      },
+      options
+    );
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static async _forEachWeightedAsync<TReturn, TEntry extends { weight: number; element: TReturn }>(
+    iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
+    callback: (entry: TReturn, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>,
     options?: IAsyncParallelismOptions | undefined
   ): Promise<void> {
     await new Promise<void>((resolve: () => void, reject: (error: Error) => void) => {
       const concurrency: number =
         options?.concurrency && options.concurrency > 0 ? options.concurrency : Infinity;
-      let operationsInProgress: number = 0;
+      let concurrentUnitsInProgress: number = 0;
 
       const iterator: Iterator<TEntry> | AsyncIterator<TEntry> = (
         (iterable as Iterable<TEntry>)[Symbol.iterator] ||
@@ -111,18 +170,29 @@ export class Async {
       let promiseHasResolvedOrRejected: boolean = false;
 
       async function queueOperationsAsync(): Promise<void> {
-        while (operationsInProgress < concurrency && !iteratorIsComplete && !promiseHasResolvedOrRejected) {
+        while (
+          concurrentUnitsInProgress < concurrency &&
+          !iteratorIsComplete &&
+          !promiseHasResolvedOrRejected
+        ) {
           // Increment the concurrency while waiting for the iterator.
           // This function is reentrant, so this ensures that at most `concurrency` executions are waiting
-          operationsInProgress++;
+          concurrentUnitsInProgress++;
           const currentIteratorResult: IteratorResult<TEntry> = await iterator.next();
           // eslint-disable-next-line require-atomic-updates
           iteratorIsComplete = !!currentIteratorResult.done;
 
           if (!iteratorIsComplete) {
-            Promise.resolve(callback(currentIteratorResult.value, arrayIndex++))
+            const currentIteratorValue: TEntry = currentIteratorResult.value;
+            Async.validateWeightedIterable(currentIteratorValue);
+            const weight: number = Math.min(currentIteratorValue.weight, concurrency);
+            // If it's a weighted operation then add the rest of the weight, removing concurrent units if weight < 1.
+            // Cap it to the concurrency limit, otherwise higher weights can cause issues in the case where 0 weighted
+            // operations are present.
+            concurrentUnitsInProgress += weight - 1;
+            Promise.resolve(callback(currentIteratorValue.element, arrayIndex++))
               .then(async () => {
-                operationsInProgress--;
+                concurrentUnitsInProgress -= weight;
                 await onOperationCompletionAsync();
               })
               .catch((error) => {
@@ -131,7 +201,7 @@ export class Async {
               });
           } else {
             // The iterator is complete and there wasn't a value, so untrack the waiting state.
-            operationsInProgress--;
+            concurrentUnitsInProgress--;
           }
         }
 
@@ -142,7 +212,7 @@ export class Async {
 
       async function onOperationCompletionAsync(): Promise<void> {
         if (!promiseHasResolvedOrRejected) {
-          if (operationsInProgress === 0 && iteratorIsComplete) {
+          if (concurrentUnitsInProgress === 0 && iteratorIsComplete) {
             promiseHasResolvedOrRejected = true;
             resolve();
           } else if (!iteratorIsComplete) {
@@ -158,6 +228,68 @@ export class Async {
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Given an input array and a `callback` function, invoke the callback to start a
+   * promise for each element in the array.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This API is similar to the system `Array#forEach`, except that the loop is asynchronous,
+   * and the maximum number of concurrent promises can be throttled
+   * using {@link IAsyncParallelismOptions.concurrency}.
+   *
+   * If `callback` throws a synchronous exception, or if it returns a promise that rejects,
+   * then the loop stops immediately.  Any remaining array items will be skipped, and
+   * overall operation will reject with the first error that was encountered.
+   *
+   * @param iterable - the array of inputs for the callback function
+   * @param callback - a function that starts an asynchronous promise for an element
+   *   from the array
+   * @param options - options for customizing the control flow
+   */
+  public static async forEachAsync<TEntry>(
+    iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
+    callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>,
+    options?: (IAsyncParallelismOptions & { weighted?: false }) | undefined
+  ): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * Given an input array and a `callback` function, invoke the callback to start a
+   * promise for each element in the array.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This API is similar to the other `Array#forEachAsync`, except that each item can have
+   * a weight that determines how many concurrent operations are allowed. The unweighted
+   * `Array#forEachAsync` is a special case of this method where weight = 1 for all items.
+   *
+   * The maximum number of concurrent operations can still be throttled using
+   * {@link IAsyncParallelismOptions.concurrency}, however it no longer determines the
+   * maximum number of operations that can be in progress at once. Instead, it determines the
+   * number of concurrency units that can be in progress at once. The weight of each operation
+   * determines how many concurrency units it takes up. For example, if the concurrency is 2
+   * and the first operation has a weight of 2, then only one more operation can be in progress.
+   *
+   * If `callback` throws a synchronous exception, or if it returns a promise that rejects,
+   * then the loop stops immediately.  Any remaining array items will be skipped, and
+   * overall operation will reject with the first error that was encountered.
+   *
+   * @param iterable - the array of inputs for the callback function
+   * @param callback - a function that starts an asynchronous promise for an element
+   *   from the array
+   * @param options - options for customizing the control flow
+   */
+  public static async forEachAsync<TEntry extends IWeighted>(
+    iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
+    callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>,
+    options: IAsyncParallelismOptions & { weighted: true }
+  ): Promise<void>;
+  public static async forEachAsync<TEntry>(
+    iterable: Iterable<TEntry> | AsyncIterable<TEntry>,
+    callback: (entry: TEntry, arrayIndex: number) => Promise<void>,
+    options?: IAsyncParallelismOptions
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await Async._forEachWeightedAsync(toWeightedIterator(iterable, options?.weighted), callback, options);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return a promise that resolves after the specified number of milliseconds.
    */
@@ -190,6 +322,19 @@ export class Async {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the argument is a valid {@link IWeighted}, with a `weight` argument that
+   * is a positive integer or 0.
+   */
+  public static validateWeightedIterable(operation: IWeighted): void {
+    if (operation.weight < 0) {
+      throw new Error('Weight must be a whole number greater than or equal to 0');
+    }
+    if (operation.weight % 1 !== 0) {
+      throw new Error('Weight must be a whole number greater than or equal to 0');
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns a Signal, a.k.a. a "deferred promise".
    */

libraries/node-core-library/src/index.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  */
 
 export { AlreadyReportedError } from './AlreadyReportedError';
-export { Async, AsyncQueue, IAsyncParallelismOptions, IRunWithRetriesOptions } from './Async';
+export { Async, AsyncQueue, IAsyncParallelismOptions, IRunWithRetriesOptions, IWeighted } from './Async';
 export { Brand } from './PrimitiveTypes';
 export { FileConstants, FolderConstants } from './Constants';
 export { Enum } from './Enum';