[ci] [python-package] enforce 'twine check' and 'check-wheel-contents' on Python distributions

[jameslamb]

Contributes to #5061.

This PR proposes introducing two new linters that check the contents of Python package distributions (sdists and wheels) for common issues.

• twine check: checks that distributions bundled README will render correctly on PyPI
• check-wheel-contents: catches problems like accidentally bundling .pyc files into the distribution, or including multiple files with identical content

Notes for Reviewers

I think these checks are generically useful in the way that all linters are...putting shared agreements into CI to reduce the scope of things that maintainers and contributors need to remember to check.

But in addition, it contributes to #5061 because these checks will help detect problems accidentally, newly introduced by changes to how LightGBM builds wheels.

How I tested this

The first commit on this PR adds the checks but doesn't fix any of the issues they found.

And you can see in the logs that they ran successfully and failed builds 🎉

Checking /Users/runner/work/1/s/python-package/dist/lightgbm-3.3.5.99-py3-none-macosx.whl:
FAILED due to warnings
WARNING  `long_description_content_type` missing. defaulting to `text/x-rst`. 

• Azure: https://dev.azure.com/lightgbm-ci/lightgbm-ci/_build/results?buildId=14221&view=logs&j=67ae2ff8-4b33-578b-0813-9c0440091667&t=aed7750d-29a7-50d7-d7f0-fc7145577059
• GitHub Actions: https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/actions/runs/4150047498/jobs/7179430619

[github-actions]

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