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docker-oracle-setup

This document will keep an up to date version of my personal Oracle dockerized development environment. The main goal is to have one Oracle database with multiple versions of APEX installed.

This is achieved using Oracle 12c containers (not to be confused with Docker containers). If you're not too familiar with Oracle 12c containers I highly recommend reading this article which covers Container Databases (CDB) and Pluggable Databases (PDB).

Known Issues and Future Improvements

  • Use Oracle's official ORDS image from the Container Registry

References

The following articles and all my scripts are a result of a combination of the code found in the links.

Background

  • All my scripts are Linux / MacOS focused. If you use a Windows machine you'll need to translate
  • I specifically made reference to "your laptop" to emphasize what was run "on your machine" vs "in a docker container"
  • I use SQLcl instead of SQLplus on my laptop. I've also renamed the default command sql to sqlcl. You can use sqlplus or follow my sqlcl install instructions.

Port Mapping

The following port mapping will be used. To help remember the DB version, the database port ends in its version number 122 for 12.2. Likewise, the ORDS ports end in the APEX version they link to ex: 514 for 5.1.4, 1810 for 18.1.0.

Container Container Port Laptop Port Description
oracle 1521 32122 TNS listener for Oracle 12.2
ords-504 8080 32504 ORDS for APEX 5.0.4
ords-514 8080 32514 ORDS for APEX 5.1.4
ords-1810 8080 31810 ORDS for APEX 18.1.0

Passwords

Since this setup is for my own development environment (and to keep things simple) the following passwords will be used for the setup

Container Username Password Description
oracle sys Oradoc_db1 All sys passwords for all PDBs will be the same
oracle admin Oradoc_db1 Workspace Internal for all APEX admin

Download Files

Due to licensing restrictions I can't host/provide these files in Github or elsewhere. As such you'll need to download them manually. Download the following files and store them in your ~/Downloads folder:

Application Description
APEX 18.1 At the time of writing, 18.1 is the most recent version.
APEX 5.1.4 Find it in the APEX archive page.
APEX 5.0.4 Find it in the APEX archive page.
ORDS 18.1.1 At the time of writing ORDS 18.1.1 was the most recent version.

Laptop Folder Structure

We'll assume that the folder structure below is setup. A script is provided later on to create this.

Path Description
~/docker root
~/docker/apex APEX installation files and images for each version. 2 versions of APEX are included in this example but more can easily be added
~/docker/apex/18.1.0 APEX 18.1.0 installation files
~/docker/apex/5.1.4 APEX 5.1.4 installation files
~/docker/apex/5.0.4 APEX 5.0.4 installation files
~/docker/oracle Oracle 12.2 data files
~/docker/ords ORDS Dockerfile (to build ORDS image)
~/docker/tmp Temp folder

Oracle Container Registry Setup

To work with Oracle's licensing for docker (and to avoid manually building images yourself) you'll need to login to the container-registry.oracle.com and use your Oracle Technology Network (OTN) login and register.

One logged in go to Database > Enterprise and read the license agreement. If you agree to the Terms and Conditions click the Accept button.

Setup

The following steps only ever need to be done once.

Directory structure

The following script will create the directory structure as mentioned above

mkdir ~/docker
cd ~/docker
mkdir apex
mkdir oracle
mkdir ords

Copy the files from the ~/Downloads folder to the appropriate ~/docker folder and unzip

# *** APEX ***
cd ~/docker/apex
cp ~/Downloads/apex*.zip .

# Unzip
unzip apex_18.1.zip
mv apex 18.1.0

unzip apex_5.1.4.zip
mv apex 5.1.4

unzip apex_5.0.4.zip
mv apex 5.0.4

# ORDS will be dealt in the ORDS image section

Docker Network

In order for the containers to “talk” to each other we need to setup a Docker network and associate all the containers on this network. Containers can reference each other by their respective container names. When referencing another container on the same Docker network the port used is the container’s native port not the mapped port on your laptop.

docker network create oracle_network
# Other docker network commands (don't need to run them as part of install)
# Connect and existing container to a docker network
# docker network connect <network name> <container name>
# View a network and connected containers
# In this example "oracle_network" is the network we're interested in
docker network inspect oracle_network

Docker Images

Two images are required to get the setup working: Oracle and ORDS.

Get Oracle Image

If you haven't already done so already read above about the container-registry.oracle.com. You won't be able to pull the container until you agree to the Terms and Conditions.

# *** NOTE: container-register.oracle.com is slow
# Instead you can try the following URLs in its place:
# container-registry-phx.oracle.com
# container-registry-ash.oracle.com
#
# Login to Oracle's container registry
docker login container-registry.oracle.com

# They're various docker 12c images. To help reduce the number (and size) of images on my laptop I only needed the 12.2 version
# This will take a while to run as the image size is around 3.5 GB
# Note currently the registry server is slow so you may have to wait a while for the image to download
docker pull container-registry.oracle.com/database/enterprise:12.2.0.1

ORDS

Oracle has scripts available to build an ORDS image. At the time of writing (11-Nov-2017) there's an issue with the script (Issue #646) that prevents me from using it. I suspect that Oracle will include a pre-built image on their container registry in the future so I'll update the section with their image when/if it becomes available. In the mean time the image will be built using another script.

Important: I've created a separate ORDS Docker Image repo. Since it's being actively updated and to avoid duplication of documentation please refer to the repo to build your ORDS Docker image. Go through it now to create your ORDS Docker image.

Docker Image Confirmation

At this point you should see the following (or similar) output when running docker images

docker images

REPOSITORY                                          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ords                                                18.1.1              a735271f7bf5        17 seconds ago      537MB
container-registry.oracle.com/database/enterprise   12.2.0.1            12a359cd0528        2 months ago        3.44GB

Docker Containers

Now that the setup is complete we can create all the Docker containers

Oracle Container

Adding the -e TZ option will set the appropriate timezone for the OS and the database. A full list of timezones can be found here. If excluded it will default to UTC.

docker run -d -it \
--name oracle \
-p 32122:1521 \
-e TZ=America/Edmonton \
--network=oracle_network \
-v ~/docker/oracle:/ORCL \
-v ~/docker/apex:/tmp/apex \
container-registry.oracle.com/database/enterprise:12.2.0.1

# Running docker ps will result in:
docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                        COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                            PORTS                               NAMES
6b4d96d63cf5        container-registry.oracle.com/database/enterprise:12.2.0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/..."   4 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds (health: starting)   5500/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32112->1521/tcp   oracle

# More specifically if you need to create a script around this
# docker inspect --format="{{.State.Health.Status}}" oracle
# Will give you precise information about the status

You'll need to run docker ps several times until the status is (healthy). Before you see (healthy), the status will be (unhealthy). This is normal. You will be able to monitor the ~/docker/oracle directory increases in size.

You can follow the install by running docker logs oracle

Oracle CDB and PDB Setup

CDB Setup

Starting in Oracle 12.2 the database should not come pre-installed with APEX. Joel Kallman wrote an article about why this. For some reason the container from Oracle comes with APEX 5.0.4 installed in the CDB. It must first be removed.

# On your laptop:
docker exec -it oracle bash -c "source /home/oracle/.bashrc; bash"

# You should now be in the Oracle Docker container
cd /tmp/apex/5.0.4

sqlplus sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost/orclcdb.localdomain as sysdba

@apxremov.sql
-- Exit sqlplus
exit 

# Exit bash
exit

PDB Setup

The Oracle container database will come with a default PDB (ORCLPDB1). We'll leave it alone and create new PDBs for each version of APEX.

Note I've included the APEX installs in these sections since they're required for the ORDS containers.

Create PDBs

On your laptop connect to the database: sqlcl sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost:32122:orclcdb as sysdba

-- Create 18.1.0 PDB
create pluggable database orclpdb1810 admin user pdb_adm identified by Oradoc_db1
  file_name_convert=('/u02/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/','/u02/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCLPDB1810/');

-- Create 5.1.4 PDB
create pluggable database orclpdb514 admin user pdb_adm identified by Oradoc_db1
  file_name_convert=('/u02/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/','/u02/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCLPDB514/');

-- Create 5.0.4 PDB
create pluggable database orclpdb504 admin user pdb_adm identified by Oradoc_db1
  file_name_convert=('/u02/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/','/u02/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCLPDB504/');

-- Running the following query will show the newly created PDBs but they are not open for Read Write:
select vp.name, vp.open_mode
from v$pdbs vp;

NAME        OPEN_MODE
PDB$SEED    READ WRITE
ORCLPDB1    READ WRITE
ORCLPDB514  MOUNTED
ORCLPDB504  MOUNTED
ORCLPDB1810 MOUNTED

-- Open the PDB
alter pluggable database orclpdb1810 open read write;
alter pluggable database orclpdb514 open read write; 
alter pluggable database orclpdb504 open read write;

-- If nothing is changed the PDBs won't be loaded on boot.
-- They're a few ways to do this
-- See for reference https://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:0::::P11_QUESTION_ID:9531671900346425939
-- alter pluggable database pdb_name save state;
-- alter pluggable database all save state;
-- alter pluggable database all except pdb$seed open read write
alter pluggable database all save state;

-- Exit sqlcl
exit
APEX 18.1.0 Install
# On your laptop
docker exec -it oracle bash -c "source /home/oracle/.bashrc; bash"

# You should now be in the Oracle Docker container
cd /tmp/apex/18.1.0
sqlplus sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost/orclpdb1810.localdomain as sysdba
@apexins.sql SYSAUX SYSAUX TEMP /i/

-- APEX REST configuration
@apex_rest_config_core.sql oracle oracle

-- Required for ORDS install
alter user apex_public_user identified by oracle account unlock;

-- From Joels blog: http://joelkallman.blogspot.ca/2017/05/apex-and-ords-up-and-running-in2-steps.html
declare
    l_acl_path varchar2(4000);
    l_apex_schema varchar2(100);
begin
    for c1 in (select schema
                 from sys.dba_registry
                where comp_id = 'APEX') loop
        l_apex_schema := c1.schema;
    end loop;
    sys.dbms_network_acl_admin.append_host_ace(
        host => '*',
        ace => xs$ace_type(privilege_list => xs$name_list('connect'),
        principal_name => l_apex_schema,
        principal_type => xs_acl.ptype_db));
    commit;
end;
/

-- Setup APEX Admin password
begin
    apex_util.set_security_group_id( 10 );
    apex_util.create_user(
        p_user_name => 'ADMIN',
        p_email_address => '[email protected]',
        p_web_password => 'Oradoc_db1',
        p_developer_privs => 'ADMIN',
        p_change_password_on_first_use => 'N');
    apex_util.set_security_group_id( null );
    commit;
end;
/
-- Exit SQL
exit
# You can now exit bash on the container
exit
APEX 5.1.4 Install
# On your laptop
docker exec -it oracle bash -c "source /home/oracle/.bashrc; bash"

# You should now be in the Oracle Docker container
cd /tmp/apex/5.1.4
sqlplus sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost/orclpdb514.localdomain as sysdba
@apexins.sql SYSAUX SYSAUX TEMP /i/

-- APEX REST configuration
@apex_rest_config_core.sql oracle oracle

-- Required for ORDS install
alter user apex_public_user identified by oracle account unlock;

-- From Joels blog: http://joelkallman.blogspot.ca/2017/05/apex-and-ords-up-and-running-in2-steps.html
declare
    l_acl_path varchar2(4000);
    l_apex_schema varchar2(100);
begin
    for c1 in (select schema
                 from sys.dba_registry
                where comp_id = 'APEX') loop
        l_apex_schema := c1.schema;
    end loop;
    sys.dbms_network_acl_admin.append_host_ace(
        host => '*',
        ace => xs$ace_type(privilege_list => xs$name_list('connect'),
        principal_name => l_apex_schema,
        principal_type => xs_acl.ptype_db));
    commit;
end;
/

-- Setup APEX Admin password
begin
    apex_util.set_security_group_id( 10 );
    apex_util.create_user(
        p_user_name => 'ADMIN',
        p_email_address => '[email protected]',
        p_web_password => 'Oradoc_db1',
        p_developer_privs => 'ADMIN',
        p_change_password_on_first_use => 'N');
    apex_util.set_security_group_id( null );
    commit;
end;
/
-- Exit SQL
exit
# You can now exit bash on the container
exit
APEX 5.0.4 Install
# On your laptop
docker exec -it oracle bash -c "source /home/oracle/.bashrc; bash"

# You should now be in the Oracle Docker container
cd /tmp/apex/5.0.4
sqlplus sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost/orclpdb504.localdomain as sysdba
@apexins.sql SYSAUX SYSAUX TEMP /i/

-- APEX REST configuration
-- For APEX 5.0.4 I get an error when running the statement below
-- Just login and re-run
@apex_rest_config_core.sql oracle oracle

-- Required for ORDS install
alter user apex_public_user identified by oracle account unlock;

-- From Joels blog: http://joelkallman.blogspot.ca/2017/05/apex-and-ords-up-and-running-in2-steps.html
declare
    l_acl_path varchar2(4000);
    l_apex_schema varchar2(100);
begin
    for c1 in (select schema
                 from sys.dba_registry
                where comp_id = 'APEX') loop
        l_apex_schema := c1.schema;
    end loop;
    sys.dbms_network_acl_admin.append_host_ace(
        host => '*',
        ace => xs$ace_type(privilege_list => xs$name_list('connect'),
        principal_name => l_apex_schema,
        principal_type => xs_acl.ptype_db));
    commit;
end;
/

-- Setup APEX Admin password
begin
    apex_util.set_security_group_id( 10 );
    apex_util.create_user(
        p_user_name => 'ADMIN',
        p_email_address => '[email protected]',
        p_web_password => 'Oradoc_db1',
        p_developer_privs => 'ADMIN',
        p_change_password_on_first_use => 'N');
    apex_util.set_security_group_id( null );
    commit;
end;
/
-- Exit SQL
exit
# You can now exit bash on the container
exit

ORDS Containers

Each APEX PDB should have an associated ORDS container. A few notes about each ORDS container:

  • Instead of naming the ORDS containers with their version number, they'll be named to reference the corresponding APEX version (example ords-504 will be used to reference the PDB hosing APEX 5.0.4). You may want to alter your naming scheme if you plan to test with multiple versions of ORDS.
  • Important: Refer to Docker ORDS documentation on how to run each ORDS setup. Only modifications will be mentioned in each section below.

ORDS 18.1.0

-- Note: THIS IS NOT A COMPLETE docker run command
-- Please reference https://github.com/martindsouza/docker-ords for full docker run commands
-- The purpose of this is to highlight the passwords and connection strings to use for each PDB 
docker run ...
  --name ords-1810 \
  --network=oracle_network \
  -e TZ=America/Edmonton \
  -e DB_HOSTNAME=oracle \
  -e DB_PORT=1521 \
  -e DB_SERVICENAME=orclpdb1810.localdomain \
  -e APEX_PUBLIC_USER_PASS=oracle \
  -e APEX_LISTENER_PASS=oracle \
  -e APEX_REST_PASS=oracle \
  -e ORDS_PASS=oracle \
  -e SYS_PASS=Oradoc_db1 \
  ...

You should now be able to go to APEX via http://localhost:31810/ords

ORDS 5.1.4

-- Note: THIS IS NOT A COMPLETE docker run command
-- Please reference https://github.com/martindsouza/docker-ords for full docker run commands
-- The purpose of this is to highlight the passwords and connection strings to use for each PDB
docker run ...
  --name ords-514 \
  --network=oracle_network \
  -e TZ=America/Edmonton \
  -e DB_HOSTNAME=oracle \
  -e DB_PORT=1521 \
  -e DB_SERVICENAME=orclpdb514.localdomain \
  -e APEX_PUBLIC_USER_PASS=oracle \
  -e APEX_LISTENER_PASS=oracle \
  -e APEX_REST_PASS=oracle \
  -e ORDS_PASS=oracle \
  -e SYS_PASS=Oradoc_db1 \
  ...

You should now be able to go to APEX via http://localhost:32514/ords

ORDS 5.0.4

-- Note: THIS IS NOT A COMPLETE docker run command
-- Please reference https://github.com/martindsouza/docker-ords for full docker run commands
-- The purpose of this is to highlight the passwords and connection strings to use for each PDB
docker run ...
  --name ords-504 \
  ... 
  --network=oracle_network \
  -e TZ=America/Edmonton \
  -e DB_HOSTNAME=oracle \
  -e DB_PORT=1521 \
  -e DB_SERVICENAME=orclpdb504.localdomain \
  -e APEX_PUBLIC_USER_PASS=oracle \
  -e APEX_LISTENER_PASS=oracle \
  -e APEX_REST_PASS=oracle \
  -e ORDS_PASS=oracle \
  -e SYS_PASS=Oradoc_db1 \
  ...

You should now be able to go to APEX via http://localhost:32504/ords

ORDS Container Wrappup

When running ORDS containers for the first time they'll run in the foreground as the -d (detached) option was not provided (see Docker documentation for more info on this option). It's good to have it run in the foreground as it's easy to spot any issues with ORDS connecting to the database.

To stop stop the container hit ctrl+c. To restart the ORDS container run docker start ords-1810.

Useful Commands

This section covers some useful commands for Docker and managing Oracle CDB and PDBs.

Quick Start

To quickly start and stop the docker containers:

# Start
docker start oracle
docker start ords-504
docker start ords-514
docker start ords-1810

# Stop
docker stop -t 200 oracle
docker stop -t 200 ords-504
docker stop -t 200 ords-514
docker stop -t 200 ords-1810

Docker

# Docker stop conainer with timeout (for Oracle to shutdown properly)
docker stop -t 200 oracle

# Docker stop all containers 
docker stop -t 200 $(docker ps)

# Delete all containers
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

# Delete all images
docker rmi $(docker images -aq)

# View docker logs as run is happening where <name> is the name of the container that is running
docker logs <name>


# Docker Network
# List
docker network ls

# See containers on network
docker network inspect oracle_network

Oracle

Connection Strings

sqlcl sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost:32122:orclcdb as sysdba
sqlcl sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost:32122/orclpdb1.localdomain as sysdba
sqlcl sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost:32122/orclpdb504.localdomain as sysdba
sqlcl sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost:32122/orclpdb514.localdomain as sysdba
sqlcl sys/Oradoc_db1@localhost:32122/orclpdb1810.localdomain as sysdba

DBA

# Drop PDB
drop pluggable database orclpdb1810 including datafiles;
drop pluggable database orclpdb514 including datafiles;
drop pluggable database orclpdb504 including datafiles;

# Create tablespace (as PDB DBA)
create tablespace users
  datafile 'users-1810.dat' 
    size 100m
    autoextend on
    next 20m
    online
;

# Create user (as sys)
-- Create account to develop with
define new_user = 'martin'
create user &new_user. identified by &new_user. container = current;
grant connect, resource, create job, create view, create any context to &new_user;
alter user &new_user quota unlimited on users;
alter user &new_user default tablespace users;

Sample Data

Using SQLcl you can create the dept and emp table your schema using the following script:

@https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OraOpenSource/OXAR/master/oracle/emp_dept.sql

Common Problems

Oracle Docker Container

Issues writing to /ORCL folder

If you get issues from the docker logs oracle command such as:

ls: cannot open directory /ORCL: Permission denied
# or
mkdir: cannot create directory '/ORCL/u01': Permission denied

It could be due to SE Linux. The following worked for me to get around this:

  • Disable SE Linux
    • Set SELINUX=disabled in /etc/selinux/config
    • Reboot host OS (i.e. laptop)
    • Running getenforce should return Disabled or Permissive
  • Change permission on ~/docker/oracle and ~/docker/apex folders
chmod 777 ~/docker/oracle
chmod 777 ~/docker/apex
  • Optional Disable SE Linux on specific folders
chcon -Rt svirt_sandbox_file_t ~/docker/oracle
chcon -Rt svirt_sandbox_file_t ~/docker/apex

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Instructions on how to setup Oracle and APEX on Docker

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