Day 5 solution (#8)

* Added day 5 part 1 bare solution

* Added part 2 base code and necessary changes

* Added first draft of MultiRange handy for part 2

* More extensions of MultiRange class

* Push forward solution held back by dysfunctional MultiRange.Remove

* Fix tests after main branch merge

* Added state of part 2 solution

* Use newest Common package with MultiRange instead of implementing own

* Add Day 5 to solved solution folder

* Format

AdventOfCode2023.sln

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Day03", "Day03 - Gear Ratio
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Day04", "Day04 - Scratchcards\Day04.csproj", "{C9EC74D2-0555-49D2-89FC-47623D7C6AC1}"
 EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Day05", "Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer\Day05.csproj", "{6D04B3FB-811D-4B21-A844-DD731503C867}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -54,11 +56,16 @@ Global
 		{C9EC74D2-0555-49D2-89FC-47623D7C6AC1}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{C9EC74D2-0555-49D2-89FC-47623D7C6AC1}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{C9EC74D2-0555-49D2-89FC-47623D7C6AC1}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{6D04B3FB-811D-4B21-A844-DD731503C867}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{6D04B3FB-811D-4B21-A844-DD731503C867}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{6D04B3FB-811D-4B21-A844-DD731503C867}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{6D04B3FB-811D-4B21-A844-DD731503C867}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(NestedProjects) = preSolution
 		{CE8086B8-A3E4-40E0-859F-607F95D25514} = {F6C05A63-6269-425F-B877-9E9F0BC1FC26}
 		{53C7A524-9A5C-4CEB-BC34-C8EFD43560D8} = {F6C05A63-6269-425F-B877-9E9F0BC1FC26}
 		{4E66F73F-3457-4E4E-AFBB-61FA5210064B} = {F6C05A63-6269-425F-B877-9E9F0BC1FC26}
 		{C9EC74D2-0555-49D2-89FC-47623D7C6AC1} = {F6C05A63-6269-425F-B877-9E9F0BC1FC26}
+		{6D04B3FB-811D-4B21-A844-DD731503C867} = {F6C05A63-6269-425F-B877-9E9F0BC1FC26}
 	EndGlobalSection
 EndGlobal

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "Launch (my input)",
+      "type": "coreclr",
+      "request": "launch",
+      "preLaunchTask": "build",
+      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/Debug/net8.0/Day05.dll",
+      "args": [
+        "input.txt"
+      ],
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+      "console": "internalConsole",
+      "stopAtEntry": false
+    }
+  ]
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "version": "2.0.0",
+  "tasks": [
+    {
+      "label": "build",
+      "command": "dotnet",
+      "type": "process",
+      "group": {
+        "kind": "build",
+        "isDefault": true
+      },
+      "args": [
+        "build",
+        "${workspaceFolder}/Day05.csproj",
+        "/property:GenerateFullPaths=true",
+        "/consoleloggerparameters:NoSummary"
+      ],
+      "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
+    }
+  ]
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Day05.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <RootNamespace>AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="mMosiur.AdventOfCode.Abstractions" Version="4.4.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="mMosiur.AdventOfCode.Common" Version="0.1.2" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Update="*.txt">
+      <CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+    </None>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Day05Solver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using AdventOfCode.Abstractions;
+using AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05.Puzzle;
+
+namespace AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05;
+
+public sealed class Day05Solver : DaySolver
+{
+	public override int Year => 2023;
+	public override int Day => 5;
+	public override string Title => "If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer";
+
+	private readonly InputReaderWithCaching _inputReader;
+	private readonly SeedNumberCategoryCalculator _calculator;
+
+	public Day05Solver(Day05SolverOptions options) : base(options)
+	{
+		_inputReader = new(Input);
+		_calculator = new(NumberCategory.Seed, NumberCategory.Location);
+	}
+
+	public Day05Solver(Action<Day05SolverOptions> configure)
+		: this(DaySolverOptions.FromConfigureAction(configure))
+	{
+	}
+
+	public Day05Solver() : this(new Day05SolverOptions())
+	{
+	}
+
+	public override string SolvePart1()
+	{
+		var almanac = _inputReader.ReadInputSingleSeeds();
+		var locationNumbers = _calculator.CalculateTargetCategoryNumbers(almanac);
+		uint minLocationNumber = locationNumbers.Min();
+		return minLocationNumber.ToString();
+	}
+
+	public override string SolvePart2()
+	{
+		var almanac = _inputReader.ReadInputSeedRanges();
+		var locationNumbers = _calculator.CalculateTargetCategoryNumbers(almanac);
+		uint minLocationNumber = locationNumbers.Select(r => r.Start).Min();
+		return minLocationNumber.ToString();
+	}
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Day05SolverOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+using AdventOfCode.Abstractions;
+
+namespace AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05;
+
+public sealed class Day05SolverOptions : DaySolverOptions
+{
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/GlobalUsings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+global using Range = AdventOfCode.Common.Numerics.Interval<uint>;
+global using MultiRange = AdventOfCode.Common.Numerics.MultiInterval<uint>;

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using AdventOfCode;
+using AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05;
+
+try
+{
+	string? filepath = args.Length switch
+	{
+		0 => null,
+		1 => args[0],
+		_ => throw new CommandLineException(
+			$"Program was called with too many arguments. Proper usage: \"dotnet run [<input filepath>]\"."
+		)
+	};
+
+	Day05Solver solver = new(options =>
+	{
+		options.InputFilepath = filepath ?? options.InputFilepath;
+	});
+
+	Console.WriteLine($"--- Day {solver.Day}: {solver.Title} ---");
+
+	Console.Write("Part one: ");
+	string part1 = solver.SolvePart1();
+	Console.WriteLine(part1);
+
+	Console.Write("Part two: ");
+	string part2 = solver.SolvePart2();
+	Console.WriteLine(part2);
+}
+catch (AdventOfCodeException e)
+{
+	string errorPrefix = e switch
+	{
+		CommandLineException => "Command line error",
+		InputException => "Input error",
+		DaySolverException => "Day solver error",
+		_ => throw new UnreachableException($"Unknown exception type \"{e.GetType()}\".")
+	};
+
+	Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
+	Console.Error.WriteLine($"{errorPrefix}: {e.Message}");
+	Console.ResetColor();
+	Environment.Exit(1);
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Puzzle/Almanac.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+namespace AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05.Puzzle;
+
+internal abstract class Almanac<TSeedNumbersType>
+{
+	private readonly Dictionary<NumberCategory, NumberMap> _numberMapsBySourceCategory;
+
+	public abstract TSeedNumbersType SeedNumbers { get; }
+	public IReadOnlyCollection<NumberMap> NumberMaps { get; }
+
+	protected Almanac(IReadOnlyCollection<NumberMap> numberMaps)
+	{
+		NumberMaps = numberMaps;
+		_numberMapsBySourceCategory = NumberMaps.ToDictionary(nm => nm.SourceCategory);
+	}
+
+	public NumberMap this[NumberCategory sourceCategory] => _numberMapsBySourceCategory[sourceCategory];
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Puzzle/AlmanacSeedRanges.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05.Puzzle;
+
+internal sealed class AlmanacSeedRanges : Almanac<MultiRange>
+{
+	public override MultiRange SeedNumbers { get; }
+
+	public AlmanacSeedRanges(MultiRange seedNumbers, IReadOnlyCollection<NumberMap> numberMaps)
+		: base(numberMaps)
+	{
+		SeedNumbers = seedNumbers;
+	}
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Puzzle/AlmanacSingleSeeds.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05.Puzzle;
+
+internal sealed class AlmanacSingleSeeds : Almanac<IReadOnlyCollection<uint>>
+{
+	public override IReadOnlyCollection<uint> SeedNumbers { get; }
+
+	public AlmanacSingleSeeds(IReadOnlyCollection<uint> seedNumbers, IReadOnlyCollection<NumberMap> numberMaps)
+		: base(numberMaps)
+	{
+		SeedNumbers = seedNumbers;
+	}
+}

Day05 - If You Give A Seed A Fertilizer/Puzzle/InputReaderWithCaching.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using AdventOfCode.Common.SpanExtensions;
+
+namespace AdventOfCode.Year2023.Day05.Puzzle;
+
+internal sealed class InputReaderWithCaching
+{
+	private static readonly string[] NewLines = { "\r\n", "\r", "\n" };
+	private static readonly string[] DoubleNewLines = NewLines.Select(nl => $"{nl}{nl}").ToArray();
+	private static readonly Regex SeedNumbersRegex = new(@"^seeds: ([\d ]+)$", RegexOptions.Compiled);
+	private static readonly Regex NumberMapHeaderRegex = new(@"^(?<SourceNumberCategory>\w+)-to-(?<DestinationNumberCategory>\w+) map:$", RegexOptions.Compiled);
+
+	private readonly string _input;
+
+	private IReadOnlyList<uint>? _almanacSeedNumbers;
+	private IReadOnlyList<NumberMap>? _almanacNumberMaps;
+	private AlmanacSingleSeeds? _almanacSingleSeeds;
+	private AlmanacSeedRanges? _almanacSeedRanges;
+
+	public InputReaderWithCaching(string input)
+	{
+		_input = input;
+	}
+
+	private static IReadOnlyList<uint> ReadSeedNumbers(string input)
+	{
+		var match = SeedNumbersRegex.Match(input);
+		if (!match.Success)
+		{
+			throw new InputException($"""Seed numbers line was in an unrecognized format ("{input}").""");
+		}
+
+		var seedsSpan = match.Groups[1].ValueSpan;
+		List<uint> seedNumbers = new(seedsSpan.Count(' ') + 1);
+		foreach (var seedNumberSpan in seedsSpan.Split(' '))
+		{
+			if (!uint.TryParse(seedNumberSpan, out uint seedNumber))
+			{
+				throw new InputException($"""Could not parse a number in a seed number line ("{seedNumberSpan}").""");
+			}
+
+			seedNumbers.Add(seedNumber);
+		}
+
+		return seedNumbers;
+	}
+
+	private static (NumberCategory SourceCategory, NumberCategory DestinationCategory) ReadNumberMapHeader(string header)
+	{
+		var match = NumberMapHeaderRegex.Match(header);
+		if (!match.Success)
+		{
+			throw new InputException($"""Number map header was in an unrecognized format ("{header}").""");
+		}
+
+		return (
+			SourceCategory: Enum.Parse<NumberCategory>(match.Groups["SourceNumberCategory"].ValueSpan, ignoreCase: true),
+			DestinationCategory: Enum.Parse<NumberCategory>(match.Groups["DestinationNumberCategory"].ValueSpan, ignoreCase: true)
+		);
+	}
+
+	private static NumberMapLine ReadNumberMapLine(ReadOnlySpan<char> lineSpan)
+	{
+		if (!lineSpan.TrySplitInThree(
+				separator: ' ',
+				out var firstNumberSpan,
+				out var secondNumberSpan,
+				out var thirdNumberSpan,
+				allowMultipleSeparators: true))
+		{
+			throw new InputException($"""Could not parse number map line from input line "{lineSpan}".""");
+		}
+
+		return new NumberMapLine(
+			destinationRangeStart: uint.Parse(firstNumberSpan),
+			sourceRangeStart: uint.Parse(secondNumberSpan),
+			rangeLength: uint.Parse(thirdNumberSpan));
+	}
+
+	private static NumberMap ReadNumberMap(string section)
+	{
+		var sectionSpan = section.AsSpan();
+		var lineSpanIterator = sectionSpan.EnumerateLines();
+		if (!lineSpanIterator.MoveNext()) throw new InputException($"Could not read number map header from input section \"{section}\".");
+		(NumberCategory sourceCategory, NumberCategory destinationCategory) = ReadNumberMapHeader(lineSpanIterator.Current.ToString());
+		var numberMapLines = new List<NumberMapLine>(sectionSpan.Count('\n'));
+		while (lineSpanIterator.MoveNext())
+		{
+			var numberMapLine = ReadNumberMapLine(lineSpanIterator.Current);
+			numberMapLines.Add(numberMapLine);
+		}
+
+		return new NumberMap(sourceCategory, destinationCategory, numberMapLines);
+	}
+
+	[MemberNotNull(nameof(_almanacSeedNumbers))]
+	[MemberNotNull(nameof(_almanacNumberMaps))]
+	private void InternalReadInput()
+	{
+		if (_almanacSeedNumbers is not null && _almanacNumberMaps is not null)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		string[] result = _input.Split(DoubleNewLines, StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
+		string seedNumbersRow = result[0];
+		_almanacSeedNumbers = ReadSeedNumbers(seedNumbersRow);
+
+		var numberMaps = new List<NumberMap>(result.Length - 1);
+		for (int i = 1; i < result.Length; i++)
+		{
+			string mapSectionLine = result[i];
+			var mapSection = ReadNumberMap(mapSectionLine);
+			numberMaps.Add(mapSection);
+		}
+
+		_almanacNumberMaps = numberMaps;
+	}
+
+	private AlmanacSingleSeeds BuildAlmanacSingleSeeds()
+	{
+		InternalReadInput();
+		return new(_almanacSeedNumbers, _almanacNumberMaps);
+	}
+
+	private AlmanacSeedRanges BuildAlmanacSeedRanges()
+	{
+		InternalReadInput();
+		if (_almanacSeedNumbers.Count % 2 != 0)
+		{
+			throw new InputException("Seed number count must be even to interpret them as ranges.");
+		}
+
+
+		var seedNumberRanges = new MultiRange(_almanacSeedNumbers.Count / 2);
+		for (int i = 0; i < _almanacSeedNumbers.Count; i += 2)
+		{
+			uint rangeStart = _almanacSeedNumbers[i];
+			uint rangeLength = _almanacSeedNumbers[i + 1];
+			var range = new Range(rangeStart, rangeStart + rangeLength - 1);
+			seedNumberRanges.Add(range);
+		}
+
+		return new(seedNumberRanges, _almanacNumberMaps);
+	}
+
+	[MemberNotNull(nameof(_almanacSingleSeeds))]
+	public AlmanacSingleSeeds ReadInputSingleSeeds()
+	{
+		return _almanacSingleSeeds ??= BuildAlmanacSingleSeeds();
+	}
+
+	[MemberNotNull(nameof(_almanacSeedRanges))]
+	public AlmanacSeedRanges ReadInputSeedRanges()
+	{
+		return _almanacSeedRanges ??= BuildAlmanacSeedRanges();
+	}
+}