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Debian 安装与配置

---硬件环境:<雷神G150S> i7-4770MQ, 8G, GTX950M ,Intel Corporation Wireless 3160 ##1、镜像安装   官网下载镜像,可在windows环境下使用软碟通写入U盘,Linux下写入未测试。安装过程中可能会出现以下错误:   【1】探测网络设备:您的一些硬件需要非自由固件文件才能运转,固件可以从可移动介质加载缺失的固件文件是:iwlwifi-3160-9.ucode iwlwifi-3160-8.ucode 如果现在您有可用的介质,请将其插入,然后继续。   从可移动介质加载缺失的固件吗?


遇到这种情况是开源的无线网卡驱动不兼容,请TAB键选择“否”即可,安装完系统后再进行安装闭源驱动。 ##2、闭源无线网卡驱动(Intel 3160 WiFi Adapter)的安装 ###译自Debian wiki,原网址:https://wiki.debian.org/iwlwifi#Installation    ####iwlwifi linux驱动支持的Intel 无线网卡驱动器:

  • Intel Wireless WiFi 5100AGN, 5300AGN, and 5350AGN
  • Intel Wireless WiFi 5150AGN
  • Intel WiFi Link 1000BGN
  • Intel 6000 Series WiFi Adapters (6200AGN and 6300AGN)
  • Intel Wireless WiFi Link 6250AGN Adapter
  • Intel 6005 Series WiFi Adapters
  • Intel 6030 Series WiFi Adapters
  • Intel Wireless WiFi Link 6150BGN 2 Adapter
  • Intel 100 Series WiFi Adapters (100BGN and 130BGN)
  • Intel 2000 Series WiFi Adapters
  • Intel 7260 WiFi Adapter
  • Intel 7265 WiFi Adapter
  • Intel 3160 WiFi Adapter   

####进行安装

####【Debian 8 "Jessie"的安装】 1)在源列表中添加"non-free"源:

# vi /etc/apt/sources.list

然后将以下加入源列表:

# Debian 8 "Jessie"
deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free

2)更新源列表:

# apt-get update

3)安装firmware-iwlwifi 包:

# apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi

4)重新插入iwlwifi模块来访问安装的固件:

# modprobe -r iwlwifi ; modprobe iwlwifi

5)重新启动电脑,在网络中便会找到wifi连接,大功告成。 ####【Debian 7 "Wheezy"的安装】 1)在源列表中添加"non-free"源:

# vi /etc/apt/sources.list

然后将以下加入源列表:

# Debian 7 "Wheezy"
deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free

2)更新源列表:

# apt-get update

3)安装firmware-iwlwifi 包:

# apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi

4)重新插入iwlwifi模块来访问安装的固件:

# modprobe -r iwlwifi ; modprobe iwlwifi

5)重新启动电脑,在网络中便会找到wifi连接,大功告成。

【故障排除】 安装完驱动,使用蓝牙时WIFI可能会遇到问题,使用以下方法解决:

# options iwlwifi bt_coex_active=0 swcrypto=1 11n_disable=8

   【支持的PCI驱动】

  • PCI: 8086:0082 Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6205 [Taylor Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0083 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 [Condor Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0084 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 [Condor Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0085 Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6205 [Taylor Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0087 Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N + WiMAX 6250 [Kilmer Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0089 Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N + WiMAX 6250 [Kilmer Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:008A Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1030 [Rainbow Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:008B Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1030 [Rainbow Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0090 Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6230 [Rainbow Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0091 Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6230 [Rainbow Peak]
  • PCI: 8086:0885 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150
  • PCI: 8086:0886 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150
  • PCI: 8086:0887 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2230
  • PCI: 8086:0888 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2230
  • PCI: 8086:088E Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6235
  • PCI: 8086:088F Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6235
  • PCI: 8086:0890 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2200
  • PCI: 8086:0891 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2200
  • PCI: 8086:0892 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 135
  • PCI: 8086:0893 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 135
  • PCI: 8086:0894 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 105
  • PCI: 8086:0895 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 105
  • PCI: 8086:0896 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 130
  • PCI: 8086:0897 Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 130
  • PCI: 8086:08AE Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 100
  • PCI: 8086:08AF Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 100
  • PCI: 8086:08B1 Intel Corporation Wireless 7260
  • PCI: 8086:08B2 Intel Corporation Wireless 7260
  • PCI: 8086:08B3 Intel Corporation Wireless 3160
  • PCI: 8086:08B4 Intel Corporation Wireless 3160
  • PCI: 8086:095A Intel Corporation Wireless 7265
  • PCI: 8086:095B Intel Corporation Wireless 7265
  • PCI: 8086:24F3 Intel Corporation Wireless 8260
  • PCI: 8086:24F4 Intel Corporation Wireless 8260
  • PCI: 8086:422B Intel Corporation Centrino Ultimate-N 6300
  • PCI: 8086:422C Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6200
  • PCI: 8086:4232 Intel Corporation WiFi Link 5100
  • PCI: 8086:4235 Intel Corporation Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300
  • PCI: 8086:4236 Intel Corporation Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300
  • PCI: 8086:4237 Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection
  • PCI: 8086:4238 Intel Corporation Centrino Ultimate-N 6300
  • PCI: 8086:4239 Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6200
  • PCI: 8086:423A Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5350 AGN [Echo Peak] Network Connection
  • PCI: 8086:423B Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5350 AGN [Echo Peak] Network Connection
  • PCI: 8086:423C Intel Corporation WiMAX/WiFi Link 5150
  • PCI: 8086:423D Intel Corporation WiMAX/WiFi Link 5150

##3、sudo的安装   网络安装的镜像安完的debian是什么都没有的,包括gcc和sudo。使用终端命令sudo ** 会出现 sudo 不是命令的提示,需要手动下载安装,安装前需要先更新源,这里以163的镜像为例:

$ su
# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/sources.list.squeeze
# mv sources.list.squeeze sources.list

因为配置文件中有一个源已经失效了,所以要修改一个地方,使用vi sources.list打开,把倒数第二个源注释掉。

deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian squeeze main contrib non-free
# deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US squeeze/non-US main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org squeeze/updates main contrib non-free

接着更新源

mv sources.list /etc/apt/
apt-get update

这样把软件源配好之后,你再执行apt-get install才能够正确的安装东西,接下来是sudo的安装

apt-get install sudo

安装玩之后,如果使用sudo提示不在sudoers中,使用以下方法解决:

1)切换到root用户并查看soduers文件权限

su
ll /etc/sudoers

2)若提示没有可写的权限,如:-r--r-----. 1 root root 4030 8月 15 09:55 /etc/sudoers,则修改权限然后再次查看。

chmod 777 /etc/sudoers
ll /etc/sudoers

3)会提示-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4030 8月 15 09:57 /etc/sudoers,接下来修改/etc/sudoers文件内容找到字段

#open the file
vi /etc/sudoers
#add the nextline word
root    ALL=(ALL)    ALL

在此行字段下面追加

username    ALL=(ALL)     ALL
#username 即用户名字

4)保存退出并恢复文件原来的权限

:wq
chmod 400 /etc/sudoers

4. Install VPN

sudo apt-get install pptp-linux
sudo apt-get install network-manager-pptp-gnome

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Installationl and configuration of Debian8

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