apacheGH-40843: [Java] Cleanup protobuf-maven-plugin usage

* Add protobuf-maven-plugin plugin to top level pom.xml under
  pluginManagement to define version and common configuration for all
  modules
* Remove unnecessary executions of test-compile goal when no test
  protobufs are present
* Remove use of outputDirectory and clearOutputDirectory and let the plugin
  choose it for each execution (the default output directory is based on
  the phase (main vs test) and the language/plugin-id)
* Replace use of compile/compile-custom goals with
  test-compile/test-compile-custom when generating test protobufs

java/dataset/pom.xml

@@ -177,18 +177,15 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>0.6.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:${protobuf.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
-                    </protocArtifact>
-                    <protoSourceRoot>../../cpp/src/jni/dataset/proto</protoSourceRoot>
-                </configuration>
                 <executions>
                     <execution>
+                        <id>src</id>
                         <goals>
                             <goal>compile</goal>
-                            <goal>test-compile</goal>
                         </goals>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <protoSourceRoot>../../cpp/src/jni/dataset/proto</protoSourceRoot>
+                        </configuration>
                     </execution>
                 </executions>
             </plugin>

java/flight/flight-core/pom.xml

@@ -228,19 +228,11 @@
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>0.6.1</version>
-        <configuration>
-          <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:${dep.protobuf-bom.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
-          <clearOutputDirectory>false</clearOutputDirectory>
-          <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
-          <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:${dep.grpc-bom.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
-        </configuration>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <id>src</id>
             <configuration>
               <protoSourceRoot>${basedir}/../../../format/</protoSourceRoot>
-              <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/generated-sources/protobuf</outputDirectory>
             </configuration>
             <goals>
               <goal>compile</goal>
@@ -249,13 +241,9 @@
           </execution>
           <execution>
             <id>test</id>
-            <configuration>
-              <protoSourceRoot>${basedir}/src/test/protobuf</protoSourceRoot>
-              <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/generated-test-sources//protobuf</outputDirectory>
-            </configuration>
             <goals>
-              <goal>compile</goal>
-              <goal>compile-custom</goal>
+              <goal>test-compile</goal>
+              <goal>test-compile-custom</goal>
             </goals>
           </execution>
         </executions>

java/flight/pom.xml

@@ -32,26 +32,6 @@
         <module>flight-integration-tests</module>
     </modules>
 
-    <build>
-        <pluginManagement>
-            <plugins>
-                <plugin>
-                    <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>0.6.1</version>
-                    <configuration>
-                        <protocArtifact>
-                            com.google.protobuf:protoc:${dep.protobuf-bom.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
-                        </protocArtifact>
-                        <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
-                        <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:${dep.grpc-bom.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
-                        </pluginArtifact>
-                    </configuration>
-                </plugin>
-            </plugins>
-        </pluginManagement>
-    </build>
-
     <profiles>
         <profile>
             <id>pin-mockito-jdk8</id>

java/gandiva/pom.xml

@@ -132,18 +132,15 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>0.6.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:${protobuf.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}
-                    </protocArtifact>
-                    <protoSourceRoot>proto</protoSourceRoot>
-                </configuration>
                 <executions>
+                    <id>src</id>
                     <execution>
                         <goals>
                             <goal>compile</goal>
-                            <goal>test-compile</goal>
                         </goals>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <protoSourceRoot>proto</protoSourceRoot>
+                        </configuration>
                     </execution>
                 </executions>
             </plugin>

java/pom.xml

@@ -637,6 +637,16 @@
             </gradleEnterprise>
           </configuration>
         </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>0.6.1</version>
+          <configuration>
+            <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:${dep.protobuf-bom.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>
+            <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>
+            <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:${dep.grpc-bom.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>
+          </configuration>
+        </plugin>
       </plugins>
     </pluginManagement>
   </build>