Replace generic Exception with more specific exceptions where possible

[bwohlberg]

Replace generic Exception with more specific exceptions where possible. Add pre-commit and CI tests for use of raises Exception.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #405 (bb1f393) into main (f88e6f2) will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is 0.00%.

❗ Current head bb1f393 differs from pull request most recent head 96b83ff. Consider uploading reports for the commit 96b83ff to get more accurate results

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #405   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   94.27%   94.27%           
=======================================
  Files          84       84           
  Lines        5063     5063           
=======================================
  Hits         4773     4773           
  Misses        290      290           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	94.27% <0.00%> (ø)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
scico/linop/radon_svmbir.py	86.32% <0.00%> (ø)
scico/optimize/_admm.py	96.77% <0.00%> (ø)
scico/optimize/_pgm.py	97.14% <0.00%> (ø)

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[Michael-T-McCann]

Fine with me.