Merge pull request #26030 from tengqm/zh-resync-workloads

[zh] Resync concepts/workloads/_index.md

content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/_index.md

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ no_list: true
 <!--
 Whether your workload is a single component or several that work together, on Kubernetes you run
 it inside a set of [Pods](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods).
-In Kubernetes, a Pod represents a set of running {{< glossary_tooltip text="containers" term_id="container" >}}
-on your cluster.
+In Kubernetes, a Pod represents a set of running
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="containers" term_id="container" >}} on your cluster.
 
 A Pod has a defined lifecycle. For example, once a Pod is running in your cluster then
 a critical failure on the {{< glossary_tooltip text="node" term_id="node" >}} where that
@@ -30,10 +30,18 @@ of failure as final: you would need to create a new Pod even if the node later r
 在 Kubernetes 中，Pod 代表的是集群上处于运行状态的一组
 {{< glossary_tooltip text="容器" term_id="container" >}}。
 
-Pod 有确定的生命周期。例如，一旦某 Pod 在你的集群中运行，Pod 运行所在的
+<!--
+Kubernetes pods have a [defined lifecycle](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/).
+For example, once a pod is running in your cluster then a critical fault on the
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="node" term_id="node" >}} where that pod is running means that
+all the pods on that node fail. Kubernetes treats that level of failure as final: you
+would need to create a new `Pod` to recover, even if the node later becomes healthy.
+-->
+Kubernetes Pods 有[确定的生命周期](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/)。
+例如，一旦某 Pod 在你的集群中运行，Pod 运行所在的
 {{< glossary_tooltip text="节点" term_id="node" >}} 出现致命错误时，
 所有该节点上的 Pods 都会失败。Kubernetes 将这类失败视为最终状态：
-即使节点后来恢复正常运行，你也需要创建新的 Pod。
+即使该节点后来恢复正常运行，你也需要创建新的 Pod 来恢复应用。
 
 <!--
 However, to make life considerably easier, you don't need to manage each Pod directly.
@@ -42,48 +50,78 @@ These resources configure {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" text="contro
 that make sure the right number of the right kind of Pod are running, to match the state
 you specified.
 
-Those workload resources include:
+Kubernetes provides several built-in workload resources:
 -->
 不过，为了让用户的日子略微好过一些，你并不需要直接管理每个 Pod。
 相反，你可以使用 _负载资源_ 来替你管理一组 Pods。
 这些资源配置 {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" text="控制器" >}}
 来确保合适类型的、处于运行状态的 Pod 个数是正确的，与你所指定的状态相一致。
 
-这些工作负载资源包括：
+Kubernetes 提供若干种内置的工作负载资源：
 
 <!--
 * [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) and [ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
-  (replacing the legacy resource {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}});
-* [StatefulSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/);
-* [DaemonSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) for running Pods that provide
-  node-local facilities, such as a storage driver or network plugin;
-* [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) and
-  [CronJob](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)
-  for tasks that run to completion.
+  (replacing the legacy resource
+  {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}}).
+  `Deployment` is a good fit for managing a stateless application workload on your cluster,
+  where any `Pod` in the `Deployment` is interchangeable and can be replaced if needed.
+* [`StatefulSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/) lets you
+  run one or more related Pods that do track state somehow. For example, if your workload
+  records data persistently, you can run a `StatefulSet` that matches each `Pod` with a
+  [`PersistentVolume`](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/). Your code, running in the
+  `Pods` for that `StatefulSet`, can replicate data to other `Pods` in the same `StatefulSet`
+  to improve overall resilience.
 -->
 * [Deployment](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 和
   [ReplicaSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
-  （替换原来的资源 {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}}）；
-* [StatefulSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/);
-* 用来运行提供节点本地支撑设施（如存储驱动或网络插件）的 Pods 的
-  [DaemonSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)；
-* 用来执行运行到结束为止的
-  [Job](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) 和
+  （替换原来的资源 {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}}）。
+  `Deployment` 很适合用来管理你的集群上的无状态应用，`Deployment` 中的所有
+  `Pod` 都是相互等价的，并且在需要的时候被换掉。
+* [StatefulSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/)
+  让你能够运行一个或者多个以某种方式跟踪应用状态的 Pods。
+  例如，如果你的负载会将数据作持久存储，你可以运行一个 `StatefulSet`，将每个
+  `Pod` 与某个 [`PersistentVolume`](/zh/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)
+  对应起来。你在 `StatefulSet` 中各个 `Pod` 内运行的代码可以将数据复制到同一
+  `StatefulSet` 中的其它 `Pod` 中以提高整体的服务可靠性。
+<!--
+* [`DaemonSet`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) defines `Pods` that provide
+  node-local facilities. These might be fundamental to the operation of your cluster, such
+  as a networking helper tool, or be part of an
+  {{< glossary_tooltip text="add-on" term_id="addons" >}}.
+  Every time you add a node to your cluster that matches the specification in a `DaemonSet`,
+  the control plane schedules a `Pod` for that `DaemonSet` onto the new node.
+* [`Job`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) and
+  [`CronJob`](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)
+  define tasks that run to completion and then stop. Jobs represent one-off tasks, whereas
+  `CronJobs` recur according to a schedule.
+-->
+* [DaemonSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)
+  定义提供节点本地支撑设施的 `Pods`。这些 Pods 可能对于你的集群的运维是
+  非常重要的，例如作为网络链接的辅助工具或者作为网络
+  {{< glossary_tooltip text="插件" term_id="addons" >}}
+  的一部分等等。每次你向集群中添加一个新节点时，如果该节点与某 `DaemonSet`
+  的规约匹配，则控制面会为该 `DaemonSet` 调度一个 `Pod` 到该新节点上运行。
+* [Job](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) 和
   [CronJob](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)。
+  定义一些一直运行到结束并停止的任务。`Job` 用来表达的是一次性的任务，而
+  `CronJob` 会根据其时间规划反复运行。
 
 <!--
-There are also two supporting concepts that you might find relevant:
-* [Garbage collection](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) tidies up objects
-  from your cluster after their _owning resource_ has been removed.
-* The [_time-to-live after finished_ controller](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/)
-  removes Jobs once a defined time has passed since they completed.
+In the wider Kubernetes ecosystem, you can find third-party workload resources that provide
+additional behaviors. Using a
+[custom resource definition](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/),
+you can add in a third-party workload resource if you want a specific behavior that's not part
+of Kubernetes' core. For example, if you wanted to run a group of `Pods` for your application but
+stop work unless _all_ the Pods are available (perhaps for some high-throughput distributed task),
+then you can implement or install an extension that does provide that feature.
 -->
-你可能发现还有两种支撑概念很有用：
-
-* [垃圾收集](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/)机制负责在
-  对象的 _属主资源_ 被删除时在集群中清理这些对象。
-* [_结束后存在时间_ 控制器](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/)
-  会在 Job 结束之后的指定时间间隔之后删除它们。
+在庞大的 Kubernetes 生态系统中，你还可以找到一些提供额外操作的第三方
+工作负载资源。通过使用
+[定制资源定义（CRD）](/zh/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/)，
+你可以添加第三方工作负载资源，以完成原本不是 Kubernetes 核心功能的工作。
+例如，如果你希望运行一组 `Pods`，但要求所有 Pods 都可用时才执行操作
+（比如针对某种高吞吐量的分布式任务），你可以实现一个能够满足这一需求
+的扩展，并将其安装到集群中运行。
 
 ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
 
@@ -93,26 +131,45 @@ As well as reading about each resource, you can learn about specific tasks that
 * [Run a stateless application using a Deployment](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
 * Run a stateful application either as a [single instance](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-single-instance-stateful-application/)
   or as a [replicated set](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/)
-* [Run Automated Tasks with a CronJob](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
+* [Run Automated Tasks with a `CronJob`](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
 -->
 除了阅读了解每类资源外，你还可以了解与这些资源相关的任务：
 
 * [使用 Deployment 运行一个无状态的应用](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
 * 以[单实例](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-single-instance-stateful-application/)
   或者[多副本集合](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/)
   的形式运行有状态的应用；
-* [使用 CronJob 运行自动化的任务](/zh/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
+* [使用 `CronJob` 运行自动化的任务](/zh/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
 
 <!--
-Once your application is running, you might want to make it available on the internet as
-a [Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) or, for web application only,
-using an [Ingress](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress).
+To learn about Kubernetes' mechanisms for separating code from configuration,
+visit [Configuration](/docs/concepts/configuration/).
+-->
+要了解 Kubernetes 将代码与配置分离的实现机制，可参阅
+[配置部分](/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/)。
 
-You can also visit [Configuration](/docs/concepts/configuration/) to learn about Kubernetes'
-mechanisms for separating code from configuration.
+<!--
+There are two supporting concepts that provide backgrounds about how Kubernetes manages pods
+for applications:
+* [Garbage collection](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) tidies up objects
+  from your cluster after their _owning resource_ has been removed.
+* The [_time-to-live after finished_ controller](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/)
+  removes Jobs once a defined time has passed since they completed.
+-->
+关于 Kubernetes 如何为应用管理 Pods，还有两个支撑概念能够提供相关背景信息：
+
+* [垃圾收集](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/)机制负责在
+  对象的 _属主资源_ 被删除时在集群中清理这些对象。
+* [_Time-to-Live_ 控制器](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/)
+  会在 Job 结束之后的指定时间间隔之后删除它们。
+
+<!--
+Once your application is running, you might want to make it available on the internet as
+a [`Service`](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) or, for web application only,
+using an [`Ingress`](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress).
 -->
-一旦你的应用处于运行状态，你就可能想要
-以[服务](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)
-使之在互联网上可访问；或者对于 Web 应用而言，使用
-[Ingress](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress) 资源将其暴露到互联网上。
+一旦你的应用处于运行状态，你就可能想要以
+[`Service`](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)
+的形式使之可在互联网上访问；或者对于 Web 应用而言，使用
+[`Ingress`](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress) 资源将其暴露到互联网上。