Implement periodic e2e test jobs using Management Cluster 1.19 and 1.22

[sbueringer]

User Story

As a maintainer of Cluster API I would like to have periodic e2e test coverage for 1.19 and 1.22 management clusters. (the oldest and newest supported stable management cluster versions)

Detailed Description

Context: currently, we're using a hard-coded 1.21.2 management cluster in our e2e tests.

The following steps should be implemented:

• make the management cluster version configurable (via docker.yaml). Set the default to 1.22 stable
• change the configuration of our e2e tests jobs:
  • pre-submit:
    • one job which uses the current default version of docker.yaml (which should always be the latest stable Kubernetes release)
  • periodic:
    • one job which uses the current default version of docker.yaml (which should always be the latest stable Kubernetes release)
    • one job which uses the oldest supported stable version (i.e. stable 1.19)
• update the job documentation

Anything else you would like to add:

[Miscellaneous information that will assist in solving the issue.]

/kind feature
/area testing

[sbueringer]

/assign

[sbueringer]

Note to myself: also update the job documentation (including other recent changes to our jobs)