[release-1.11] wait for provisioning state in AKS e2e tests

[mboersma]

What type of PR is this?

/kind flake

What this PR does / why we need it:

Manual cherry-pick of #4255.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Refs #3955

Special notes for your reviewer:

TODOs:

• squashed commits
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests

Release note:

NONE

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (de721bb) 56.70% compared to head (8db624e) 56.71%.
Report is 3 commits behind head on release-1.11.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           release-1.11    #4271      +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage         56.70%   56.71%   +0.01%     
================================================
  Files               187      187              
  Lines             19222    19222              
================================================
+ Hits              10899    10901       +2     
+ Misses             7693     7691       -2     
  Partials            630      630              

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[mboersma]

[FAILED] failed to run clusterctl init

Some kind of general failure in most of the e2e tests in multiple PRs...

[mboersma]

/retest

[CecileRobertMichon]

/retest

[CecileRobertMichon]

/lgtm
/approve

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: CecileRobertMichon

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[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: e348ea689c20faf8f6c97ca65b8d25f231a71668