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feat(tree/avl_tree): add go code #224

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211 changes: 211 additions & 0 deletions codes/go/chapter_tree/avl_tree.go
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
// File: avl_tree.go
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
// Author: Reanon ([email protected])

package chapter_tree

import . "github.com/krahets/hello-algo/pkg"

/* AVL Tree*/
type avlTree struct {
// 根节点
root *TreeNode
}

func newAVLTree() *avlTree {
return &avlTree{root: nil}
}

/* 获取结点高度 */
func height(node *TreeNode) int {
// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
if node != nil {
return node.Height
}
return -1
}

/* 更新结点高度 */
func updateHeight(node *TreeNode) {
lh := height(node.Left)
rh := height(node.Right)
// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
if lh > rh {
node.Height = lh + 1
} else {
node.Height = rh + 1
}
}

/* 获取平衡因子 */
func balanceFactor(node *TreeNode) int {
// 空结点平衡因子为 0
if node == nil {
return 0
}
// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
return height(node.Left) - height(node.Right)
}

/* 右旋操作 */
func rightRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
child := node.Left
grandChild := child.Right
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
child.Right = node
node.Left = grandChild
// 更新结点高度
updateHeight(node)
updateHeight(child)
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
return child
}

/* 左旋操作 */
func leftRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
child := node.Right
grandChild := child.Left
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
child.Left = node
node.Right = grandChild
// 更新结点高度
updateHeight(node)
updateHeight(child)
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
return child
}

/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
func rotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
// Go 推荐短变量,这里 bf 指代 balanceFactor
bf := balanceFactor(node)
// 左偏树
if bf > 1 {
if balanceFactor(node.Left) >= 0 {
// 右旋
return rightRotate(node)
} else {
// 先左旋后右旋
node.Left = leftRotate(node.Left)
return rightRotate(node)
}
}
// 右偏树
if bf < -1 {
if balanceFactor(node.Right) <= 0 {
// 左旋
return leftRotate(node)
} else {
// 先右旋后左旋
node.Right = rightRotate(node.Right)
return leftRotate(node)
}
}
// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
return node
}

/* 插入结点 */
func (t *avlTree) insert(val int) *TreeNode {
t.root = insertHelper(t.root, val)
return t.root
}

/* 递归插入结点(辅助函数) */
func insertHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {
if node == nil {
return NewTreeNode(val)
}
/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点 */
if val < node.Val {
node.Left = insertHelper(node.Left, val)
} else if val > node.Val {
node.Right = insertHelper(node.Right, val)
} else {
// 重复结点不插入,直接返回
return node
}
// 更新结点高度
updateHeight(node)
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
node = rotate(node)
// 返回子树的根节点
return node
}

/* 删除结点 */
func (t *avlTree) remove(val int) *TreeNode {
root := removeHelper(t.root, val)
return root
}

/* 递归删除结点(辅助函数) */
func removeHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {
if node == nil {
return nil
}
/* 1. 查找结点,并删除之 */
if val < node.Val {
node.Left = removeHelper(node.Left, val)
} else if val > node.Val {
node.Right = removeHelper(node.Right, val)
} else {
if node.Left == nil || node.Right == nil {
child := node.Left
if node.Right != nil {
child = node.Right
}
// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
if child == nil {
return nil
} else {
// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
node = child
}
} else {
// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
temp := getInOrderNext(node.Right)
node.Right = removeHelper(node.Right, temp.Val)
node.Val = temp.Val
}
}
// 更新结点高度
updateHeight(node)
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
node = rotate(node)
// 返回子树的根节点
return node
}

/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
func getInOrderNext(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
if node == nil {
return node
}
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
for node.Left != nil {
node = node.Left
}
return node
}

/* 查找结点 */
func (t *avlTree) search(val int) *TreeNode {
cur := t.root
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
for cur != nil {
// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
if cur.Val < val {
cur = cur.Right
} else if cur.Val > val {
// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
cur = cur.Left
} else {
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
break
}
}
// 返回目标结点
return cur
}
54 changes: 54 additions & 0 deletions codes/go/chapter_tree/avl_tree_test.go
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
// File: avl_tree_test.go
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
// Author: Reanon ([email protected])

package chapter_tree

import (
"fmt"
"testing"

. "github.com/krahets/hello-algo/pkg"
)

func TestAVLTree(t *testing.T) {
/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
tree := newAVLTree()
/* 插入结点 */
// 请关注插入结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
testInsert(tree, 1)
testInsert(tree, 2)
testInsert(tree, 3)
testInsert(tree, 4)
testInsert(tree, 5)
testInsert(tree, 8)
testInsert(tree, 7)
testInsert(tree, 9)
testInsert(tree, 10)
testInsert(tree, 6)

/* 插入重复结点 */
testInsert(tree, 7)

/* 删除结点 */
// 请关注删除结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
testRemove(tree, 8) // 删除度为 0 的结点
testRemove(tree, 5) // 删除度为 1 的结点
testRemove(tree, 4) // 删除度为 2 的结点

/* 查询结点 */
node := tree.search(7)
fmt.Printf("\n查找到的结点对象为 %#v ,结点值 = %d \n", node, node.Val)
}

func testInsert(tree *avlTree, val int) {
tree.insert(val)
fmt.Printf("\n插入结点 %d 后,AVL 树为 \n", val)
PrintTree(tree.root)
}

func testRemove(tree *avlTree, val int) {
tree.remove(val)
fmt.Printf("\n删除结点 %d 后,AVL 树为 \n", val)
PrintTree(tree.root)
}
14 changes: 8 additions & 6 deletions codes/go/pkg/tree_node.go
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -9,16 +9,18 @@ import (
)

type TreeNode struct {
Val int
Left *TreeNode
Right *TreeNode
Val int // 结点值
Height int // 结点高度
Left *TreeNode // 左子结点引用
Right *TreeNode // 右子结点引用
}

func NewTreeNode(v int) *TreeNode {
return &TreeNode{
Left: nil,
Right: nil,
Val: v,
Val: v,
Height: 0,
Left: nil,
Right: nil,
}
}

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