Build: Add a CodeQL non-mandatory check

This is backported from Core at:
https://github.com/jquery/jquery/blob/19716254877870ecd649272cadd00a0d0ff8be01/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

Closes gh-2306

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches-ignore: "dependabot/**"
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 4 * * 6"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+      security-events: write # (github/codeql-action/autobuild)
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@d632683dd7b4114ad314bca15554477dd762a938 # v4.2.0
+        with:
+          # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+          # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      # If this run was triggered by a pull request event, then checkout
+      # the head of the pull request instead of the merge commit.
+      - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@e2b3eafc8d227b0241d48be5f425d47c2d750a13 # v3.26.10
+        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
+        # with:
+        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
+
+      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@e2b3eafc8d227b0241d48be5f425d47c2d750a13 # v3.26.10
+
+      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+      # 📚 https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun
+
+      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+      #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+      #    uses a compiled language
+
+      #- run: |
+      #   make bootstrap
+      #   make release
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@e2b3eafc8d227b0241d48be5f425d47c2d750a13 # v3.26.10