rewrite.rs: refactor new_parents to depend only on parent_mapping

Previously, the function relied on both the `self.parent_mapping` and
`self.rebased`. If `(A,B)` was in `parent_mapping` and `(B,C)` was in `rebased`,
`new_parents` would map `A` to `C`.

Now, `self.rebased` is ignored by `new_parents`. In the same situation,
DescendantRebaser is changed so that both `(A,B)` and `(B,C)` are in
`parent_mapping` before. `new_parents` now applies `parent_mapping` repeatedly,
and will map `A` to `C` in this situation.

## Cons

- The semantics are changed; `new_parents` now panics if `self.parent_mapping`
  contain cycles. AFAICT, such cycles never happen in `jj` anyway, except for
one test that I had to fix. I think it's a sensible restriction to live with;
if you do want to swap children of two commits, you can call
`rebase_descendants` twice.

## Pros

- I find the new logic much easier to reason about. I plan to extract it into a
function, to be used in refactors for `jj rebase -r` and `jj new --after`. It
will make it much easier to have a correct implementation of `jj rebase -r
--after`, even when rebasing onto a descendant.

- The de-duplication is no longer O(n^2). I tried to keep the common case fast.

## Alternatives

- We could make `jj rebase` and `jj new` use a separate function with the
algorithm shown here, without changing DescendantRebaser. I believe that the new
algorithm makes DescendatRebaser easier to understand, though, and it feels more
elegant to reduce code duplication.

- The de-duplication optimization here is independent of other changes, and
could be used on its own.

lib/src/rewrite.rs

@@ -271,6 +271,12 @@ pub struct DescendantRebaser<'settings, 'repo> {
 }
 
 impl<'settings, 'repo> DescendantRebaser<'settings, 'repo> {
+    /// Panics if any commit is rewritten to its own descendant.
+    ///
+    /// There should not be any cycles in the `rewritten` map (e.g. A is
+    /// rewritten to B, which is rewritten to A). The same commit should not
+    /// be rewritten and abandoned at the same time. In either case, panics are
+    /// likely when using the DescendantRebaser.
     pub fn new(
         settings: &'settings UserSettings,
         mut_repo: &'repo mut MutableRepo,
@@ -379,34 +385,59 @@ impl<'settings, 'repo> DescendantRebaser<'settings, 'repo> {
         &self.rebased
     }
 
+    /// Panics if `parent_mapping` contains cycles
     fn new_parents(&self, old_ids: &[CommitId]) -> Vec<CommitId> {
-        // This should be a set, but performance of a vec is much better since we expect
-        // 99% of commits to have <= 2 parents.
-        let mut new_ids = vec![];
-        let mut add_parent = |id: &CommitId| {
-            // This can trigger if we abandon an empty commit, as both the empty commit and
-            // its parent are succeeded by the same commit.
-            if !new_ids.contains(id) {
-                new_ids.push(id.clone());
-            }
-        };
-        for old_id in old_ids {
-            if let Some(new_parent_ids) = self.parent_mapping.get(old_id) {
-                for new_parent_id in new_parent_ids {
-                    // The new parent may itself have been rebased earlier in the process
-                    if let Some(newer_parent_id) = self.rebased.get(new_parent_id) {
-                        add_parent(newer_parent_id);
-                    } else {
-                        add_parent(new_parent_id);
+        /// Update `new_ids`
+        fn single_substitution_round(
+            parent_mapping: &HashMap<CommitId, Vec<CommitId>>,
+            ids: Vec<CommitId>,
+        ) -> (Vec<CommitId>, bool) {
+            let mut made_replacements = false;
+            let mut new_ids = vec![];
+            // TODO(ilyagr): (Maybe?) optimize common case of replacements all
+            // being singletons. If CommitId-s were Copy. no allocations would be needed in
+            // that case, but it probably doesn't matter much while they are Vec<u8>-s.
+            for id in ids.into_iter() {
+                match parent_mapping.get(&id) {
+                    None => new_ids.push(id),
+                    Some(replacements) => {
+                        assert!(
+                            // Each commit must have a parent, so a parent can
+                            // not just be mapped to nothing. This assertion
+                            // could be removed if this function is used for
+                            // mapping something other than a commit's parents.
+                            !replacements.is_empty(),
+                            "Found empty value for key {id:?} in the parent mapping",
+                        );
+                        made_replacements = true;
+                        new_ids.extend(replacements.iter().cloned())
                     }
-                }
-            } else if let Some(new_parent_id) = self.rebased.get(old_id) {
-                add_parent(new_parent_id);
-            } else {
-                add_parent(old_id);
-            };
+                };
+            }
+            (new_ids, made_replacements)
+        }
+
+        let mut new_ids: Vec<CommitId> = old_ids.into();
+        let mut iterations = 0;
+        loop {
+            let made_replacements;
+            (new_ids, made_replacements) = single_substitution_round(&self.parent_mapping, new_ids);
+            if !made_replacements {
+                break;
+            }
+            iterations += 1;
+            assert!(
+                iterations <= self.parent_mapping.len(),
+                "cycle detected in the parent mapping"
+            );
+        }
+        match new_ids.as_slice() {
+            // The first two cases are an optimization for the common case of commits with <=2
+            // parents
+            [_singleton] => new_ids,
+            [a, b] if a != b => new_ids,
+            _ => new_ids.into_iter().unique().collect(),
         }
-        new_ids
     }
 
     fn ref_target_update(old_id: CommitId, new_ids: Vec<CommitId>) -> (RefTarget, RefTarget) {
@@ -540,8 +571,17 @@ impl<'settings, 'repo> DescendantRebaser<'settings, 'repo> {
                 &new_parents,
                 &self.options,
             )?;
-            self.rebased
+            let previous_rebased_value = self
+                .rebased
                 .insert(old_commit_id.clone(), new_commit.id().clone());
+            let previous_mapping_value = self
+                .parent_mapping
+                .insert(old_commit_id.clone(), vec![new_commit.id().clone()]);
+            assert_eq!(
+                (previous_rebased_value, previous_mapping_value),
+                (None, None),
+                "Trying to rebase the same commit {old_commit_id:?} in two different ways",
+            );
             self.update_references(old_commit_id, vec![new_commit.id().clone()], true)?;
             return Ok(Some(RebasedDescendant {
                 old_commit,

lib/tests/test_rewrite.rs

@@ -647,13 +647,14 @@ fn test_rebase_descendants_multiple_sideways() {
 }
 
 #[test]
+#[should_panic(expected = "cycle detected")]
 fn test_rebase_descendants_multiple_swap() {
     let settings = testutils::user_settings();
     let test_repo = TestRepo::init();
     let repo = &test_repo.repo;
 
     // Commit B was replaced by commit D. Commit D was replaced by commit B.
-    // Commit C and commit E should swap places.
+    // This results in an infinite loop and a panic
     //
     // C E
     // B D
@@ -663,9 +664,9 @@ fn test_rebase_descendants_multiple_swap() {
     let mut graph_builder = CommitGraphBuilder::new(&settings, tx.mut_repo());
     let commit_a = graph_builder.initial_commit();
     let commit_b = graph_builder.commit_with_parents(&[&commit_a]);
-    let commit_c = graph_builder.commit_with_parents(&[&commit_b]);
+    let _commit_c = graph_builder.commit_with_parents(&[&commit_b]);
     let commit_d = graph_builder.commit_with_parents(&[&commit_a]);
-    let commit_e = graph_builder.commit_with_parents(&[&commit_d]);
+    let _commit_e = graph_builder.commit_with_parents(&[&commit_d]);
 
     let mut rebaser = DescendantRebaser::new(
         &settings,
@@ -676,18 +677,7 @@ fn test_rebase_descendants_multiple_swap() {
         },
         hashset! {},
     );
-    let new_commit_c = assert_rebased(rebaser.rebase_next().unwrap(), &commit_c, &[&commit_d]);
-    let new_commit_e = assert_rebased(rebaser.rebase_next().unwrap(), &commit_e, &[&commit_b]);
-    assert!(rebaser.rebase_next().unwrap().is_none());
-    assert_eq!(rebaser.rebased().len(), 2);
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        *tx.mut_repo().view().heads(),
-        hashset! {
-            new_commit_c.id().clone(),
-            new_commit_e.id().clone()
-        }
-    );
+    let _ = rebaser.rebase_next(); // Panics because of the cycle
 }
 
 #[test]