coop: Undo budget decrement on Pending (tokio-rs#2549)

This patch updates the coop logic so that the budget is only decremented
if a future makes progress (that is, if it returns `Ready`). This is
realized by restoring the budget to its former value after
`poll_proceed` _unless_ the caller indicates that it made progress.

The thinking here is that we always want tasks to make progress when we
poll them. With the way things were, if a task polled 128 resources that
could make no progress, and just returned `Pending`, then a 129th
resource that _could_ make progress would not be polled. Worse yet, this
could manifest as a deadlock, if the first 128 resources were all
_waiting_ for the 129th resource, since it would _never_ be polled.

The downside of this change is that `Pending` resources now do not take
up any part of the budget, even though they _do_ take up time on the
executor. If a task is particularly aggressive (or unoptimized), and
polls a large number of resources that cannot make progress whenever it
is polled, then coop will allow it to run potentially much longer before
yielding than it could before. The impact of this should be relatively
contained though, because tasks that behaved in this way in the past
probably ignored `Pending` _anyway_, so whether a resource returned
`Pending` due to coop or due to lack of progress may not make a
difference to it.

tokio/src/coop.rs

@@ -151,15 +151,49 @@ cfg_blocking_impl! {
 cfg_coop! {
     use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) struct RestoreOnPending(Cell<Budget>);
+
+    impl RestoreOnPending {
+        pub(crate) fn made_progress(&self) {
+            self.0.set(Budget::unconstrained());
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Drop for RestoreOnPending {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            // Don't reset if budget was unconstrained or if we made progress.
+            // They are both represented as the remembered budget being unconstrained.
+            let budget = self.0.get();
+            if !budget.is_unconstrained() {
+                CURRENT.with(|cell| {
+                    cell.set(budget);
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns `Poll::Pending` if the current task has exceeded its budget and should yield.
+    ///
+    /// When you call this method, the current budget is decremented. However, to ensure that
+    /// progress is made every time a task is polled, the budget is automatically restored to its
+    /// former value if the returned `RestoreOnPending` is dropped. It is the caller's
+    /// responsibility to call `RestoreOnPending::made_progress` if it made progress, to ensure
+    /// that the budget empties appropriately.
+    ///
+    /// Note that `RestoreOnPending` restores the budget **as it was before `poll_proceed`**.
+    /// Therefore, if the budget is _further_ adjusted between when `poll_proceed` returns and
+    /// `RestRestoreOnPending` is dropped, those adjustments are erased unless the caller indicates
+    /// that progress was made.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn poll_proceed(cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<()> {
+    pub(crate) fn poll_proceed(cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<RestoreOnPending> {
         CURRENT.with(|cell| {
             let mut budget = cell.get();
 
             if budget.decrement() {
+                let restore = RestoreOnPending(Cell::new(cell.get()));
                 cell.set(budget);
-                Poll::Ready(())
+                Poll::Ready(restore)
             } else {
                 cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
                 Poll::Pending
@@ -181,7 +215,11 @@ cfg_coop! {
             } else {
                 true
             }
-    }
+        }
+
+        fn is_unconstrained(self) -> bool {
+            self.0.is_none()
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -200,21 +238,41 @@ mod test {
 
         assert!(get().0.is_none());
 
-        assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+        let coop = assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
 
+        assert!(get().0.is_none());
+        drop(coop);
         assert!(get().0.is_none());
 
         budget(|| {
             assert_eq!(get().0, Budget::initial().0);
-            assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+
+            let coop = assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+            assert_eq!(get().0.unwrap(), Budget::initial().0.unwrap() - 1);
+            drop(coop);
+            // we didn't make progress
+            assert_eq!(get().0, Budget::initial().0);
+
+            let coop = assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+            assert_eq!(get().0.unwrap(), Budget::initial().0.unwrap() - 1);
+            coop.made_progress();
+            drop(coop);
+            // we _did_ make progress
             assert_eq!(get().0.unwrap(), Budget::initial().0.unwrap() - 1);
-            assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+
+            let coop = assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+            assert_eq!(get().0.unwrap(), Budget::initial().0.unwrap() - 2);
+            coop.made_progress();
+            drop(coop);
             assert_eq!(get().0.unwrap(), Budget::initial().0.unwrap() - 2);
 
             budget(|| {
                 assert_eq!(get().0, Budget::initial().0);
 
-                assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+                let coop = assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+                assert_eq!(get().0.unwrap(), Budget::initial().0.unwrap() - 1);
+                coop.made_progress();
+                drop(coop);
                 assert_eq!(get().0.unwrap(), Budget::initial().0.unwrap() - 1);
             });
 
@@ -227,11 +285,13 @@ mod test {
             let n = get().0.unwrap();
 
             for _ in 0..n {
-                assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+                let coop = assert_ready!(task::spawn(()).enter(|cx, _| poll_proceed(cx)));
+                coop.made_progress();
             }
 
             let mut task = task::spawn(poll_fn(|cx| {
-                ready!(poll_proceed(cx));
+                let coop = ready!(poll_proceed(cx));
+                coop.made_progress();
                 Poll::Ready(())
             }));
 

tokio/src/io/registration.rs

@@ -177,11 +177,17 @@ impl Registration {
     /// This function will panic if called from outside of a task context.
     pub fn poll_read_ready(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<mio::Ready>> {
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
-        let v = self.poll_ready(Direction::Read, Some(cx))?;
+        let v = self.poll_ready(Direction::Read, Some(cx)).map_err(|e| {
+            coop.made_progress();
+            e
+        })?;
         match v {
-            Some(v) => Poll::Ready(Ok(v)),
+            Some(v) => {
+                coop.made_progress();
+                Poll::Ready(Ok(v))
+            }
             None => Poll::Pending,
         }
     }
@@ -231,11 +237,17 @@ impl Registration {
     /// This function will panic if called from outside of a task context.
     pub fn poll_write_ready(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<mio::Ready>> {
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
-        let v = self.poll_ready(Direction::Write, Some(cx))?;
+        let v = self.poll_ready(Direction::Write, Some(cx)).map_err(|e| {
+            coop.made_progress();
+            e
+        })?;
         match v {
-            Some(v) => Poll::Ready(Ok(v)),
+            Some(v) => {
+                coop.made_progress();
+                Poll::Ready(Ok(v))
+            }
             None => Poll::Pending,
         }
     }

tokio/src/process/mod.rs

@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ where
 
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
         let ret = Pin::new(&mut self.inner).poll(cx);
 
@@ -717,6 +717,10 @@ where
             self.kill_on_drop = false;
         }
 
+        if ret.is_ready() {
+            coop.made_progress();
+        }
+
         ret
     }
 }

tokio/src/runtime/task/join.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl<T> Future for JoinHandle<T> {
         let mut ret = Poll::Pending;
 
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
         // Raw should always be set. If it is not, this is due to polling after
         // completion
@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ impl<T> Future for JoinHandle<T> {
             raw.try_read_output(&mut ret as *mut _ as *mut (), cx.waker());
         }
 
+        if ret.is_ready() {
+            coop.made_progress();
+        }
+
         ret
     }
 }

tokio/src/stream/iter.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ where
     type Item = I::Item;
 
     fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<I::Item>> {
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        coop.made_progress();
         Poll::Ready(self.iter.next())
     }
 

tokio/src/sync/batch_semaphore.rs

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ impl Future for Acquire<'_> {
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         // First, ensure the current task has enough budget to proceed.
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
         let (node, semaphore, needed, queued) = self.project();
 
@@ -399,6 +399,7 @@ impl Future for Acquire<'_> {
                 Pending
             }
             Ready(r) => {
+                coop.made_progress();
                 r?;
                 *queued = false;
                 Ready(Ok(()))

tokio/src/sync/mpsc/chan.rs

@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ where
         use super::block::Read::*;
 
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
         self.inner.rx_fields.with_mut(|rx_fields_ptr| {
             let rx_fields = unsafe { &mut *rx_fields_ptr };
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ where
                     match rx_fields.list.pop(&self.inner.tx) {
                         Some(Value(value)) => {
                             self.inner.semaphore.add_permit();
+                            coop.made_progress();
                             return Ready(Some(value));
                         }
                         Some(Closed) => {
@@ -297,6 +298,7 @@ where
                             // which ensures that if dropping the tx handle is
                             // visible, then all messages sent are also visible.
                             assert!(self.inner.semaphore.is_idle());
+                            coop.made_progress();
                             return Ready(None);
                         }
                         None => {} // fall through
@@ -314,6 +316,7 @@ where
             try_recv!();
 
             if rx_fields.rx_closed && self.inner.semaphore.is_idle() {
+                coop.made_progress();
                 Ready(None)
             } else {
                 Pending
@@ -439,11 +442,15 @@ impl Semaphore for (crate::sync::semaphore_ll::Semaphore, usize) {
         permit: &mut Permit,
     ) -> Poll<Result<(), ClosedError>> {
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
         permit
             .poll_acquire(cx, 1, &self.0)
             .map_err(|_| ClosedError::new())
+            .map(move |r| {
+                coop.made_progress();
+                r
+            })
     }
 
     fn try_acquire(&self, permit: &mut Permit) -> Result<(), TrySendError> {

tokio/src/sync/oneshot.rs

@@ -197,13 +197,14 @@ impl<T> Sender<T> {
     #[doc(hidden)] // TODO: remove
     pub fn poll_closed(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<()> {
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
         let inner = self.inner.as_ref().unwrap();
 
         let mut state = State::load(&inner.state, Acquire);
 
         if state.is_closed() {
+            coop.made_progress();
             return Poll::Ready(());
         }
 
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@ impl<T> Sender<T> {
                 if state.is_closed() {
                     // Set the flag again so that the waker is released in drop
                     State::set_tx_task(&inner.state);
+                    coop.made_progress();
                     return Ready(());
                 } else {
                     unsafe { inner.drop_tx_task() };
@@ -233,6 +235,7 @@ impl<T> Sender<T> {
             state = State::set_tx_task(&inner.state);
 
             if state.is_closed() {
+                coop.made_progress();
                 return Ready(());
             }
         }
@@ -548,17 +551,19 @@ impl<T> Inner<T> {
 
     fn poll_recv(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<T, RecvError>> {
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
         // Load the state
         let mut state = State::load(&self.state, Acquire);
 
         if state.is_complete() {
+            coop.made_progress();
             match unsafe { self.consume_value() } {
                 Some(value) => Ready(Ok(value)),
                 None => Ready(Err(RecvError(()))),
             }
         } else if state.is_closed() {
+            coop.made_progress();
             Ready(Err(RecvError(())))
         } else {
             if state.is_rx_task_set() {
@@ -572,6 +577,7 @@ impl<T> Inner<T> {
                         // Set the flag again so that the waker is released in drop
                         State::set_rx_task(&self.state);
 
+                        coop.made_progress();
                         return match unsafe { self.consume_value() } {
                             Some(value) => Ready(Ok(value)),
                             None => Ready(Err(RecvError(()))),
@@ -592,6 +598,7 @@ impl<T> Inner<T> {
                 state = State::set_rx_task(&self.state);
 
                 if state.is_complete() {
+                    coop.made_progress();
                     match unsafe { self.consume_value() } {
                         Some(value) => Ready(Ok(value)),
                         None => Ready(Err(RecvError(()))),

tokio/src/time/driver/registration.rs

@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@ impl Registration {
 
     pub(crate) fn poll_elapsed(&self, cx: &mut task::Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>> {
         // Keep track of task budget
-        ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
+        let coop = ready!(crate::coop::poll_proceed(cx));
 
-        self.entry.poll_elapsed(cx)
+        self.entry.poll_elapsed(cx).map(move |r| {
+            coop.made_progress();
+            r
+        })
     }
 }