Clean up and fix primal type to tangent type mapping

This is part of the ["stackless"](#23299) change. I'm splitting it out into a separate PR because we need it for some work on sharding types.

Changes:
  1. Rename `at_least_vspace` to `to_tangent_type` since that's what we always meant by it. `at_least_vspace` was always a bad name (sorry!) but it makes even less sense when you can have a special tangent type for a primal types that's already a vector space itself.
  2. Replace `Zero.from_value` with `Zero.from_primal_value`, which does the required primal-type-to-tangent-type conversion.
  3. Add `to_tangent_type` calls in various other places they're missing.
  4. Remove non-support for float0 in custom deriviatives?
  5. [Optional, WIP] Reinstate some checks that had been skipped over, presumably because of these bugs. (We'll see how far I get with it. Might end up being a separate PR.)
PiperOrigin-RevId: 676115753

oryx/core/primitive.py

@@ -142,8 +142,6 @@ def _jvp(primals, tangents, **params):
       primals_out, tangents_out = ad.jvp(lu.wrap_init(self.impl,
                                                       params)).call_wrapped(
                                                           primals, tangents)
-      tangents_out = jax_util.safe_map(ad.recast_to_float0, primals_out,
-                                       tangents_out)
       return primals_out, tangents_out
 
     ad.primitive_jvps[self] = _jvp