Fix fork() crash on Windows

On Windows, sometimes fork() could crash with message likes:

    fork() ViewOrDie(170000) failed with win32 error 487

This is due to a bug in our file descriptor inheritance. We have cursors
which are shared between processes. They let us track the file positions
of read() and write() operations. At startup they were being mmap()ed to
memory addresses that were assigned by WIN32. That's bad because Windows
likes to give us memory addresses beneath the program image in the first
4mb range that are likely to conflict with other assignments. That ended
up causing problems because fork() needs to be able to assume that a map
will be possible to resurrect at the same address. But for one reason or
another, Windows libraries we don't control could sneak allocations into
the memory space that overlap with these mappings. This change solves it
by choosing a random memory address instead when mapping cursor objects.

libc/intrin/fds.c

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ textstartup void __init_fds(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
   if (IsWindows()) {
     const char *fdspec;
     if ((fdspec = getenv("_COSMO_FDS_V2"))) {
+      char *smaddr = 0;
       unsetenv("_COSMO_FDS");
       unsetenv("_COSMO_FDS_V2");
       for (;;) {
@@ -171,8 +172,13 @@ textstartup void __init_fds(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
         if (shand) {
           struct Map *map;
           struct CursorShared *shared;
+          if (!smaddr) {
+            smaddr = __maps_randaddr();
+          } else {
+            smaddr += __gransize;
+          }
           if ((shared = MapViewOfFileEx(shand, kNtFileMapWrite, 0, 0,
-                                        sizeof(struct CursorShared), 0))) {
+                                        sizeof(struct CursorShared), smaddr))) {
             if ((f->cursor = _mapanon(sizeof(struct Cursor)))) {
               f->cursor->shared = shared;
               if ((map = __maps_alloc())) {

libc/intrin/printmapswin32.c

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│ vi: set et ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                               :vi │
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/intrin/describeflags.h"
+#include "libc/intrin/kprintf.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/memflags.h"
+#include "libc/nt/memory.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+
+static const struct DescribeFlags kNtMemState[] = {
+    {kNtMemCommit, "Commit"},    //
+    {kNtMemFree, "Free"},        //
+    {kNtMemReserve, "Reserve"},  //
+};
+
+const char *DescribeNtMemState(char buf[64], uint32_t x) {
+  return _DescribeFlags(buf, 64, kNtMemState, ARRAYLEN(kNtMemState), "kNtMem",
+                        x);
+}
+
+static const struct DescribeFlags kNtMemType[] = {
+    {kNtMemImage, "Image"},      //
+    {kNtMemMapped, "Mapped"},    //
+    {kNtMemPrivate, "Private"},  //
+};
+
+const char *DescribeNtMemType(char buf[64], uint32_t x) {
+  return _DescribeFlags(buf, 64, kNtMemType, ARRAYLEN(kNtMemType), "kNtMem", x);
+}
+
+void __print_maps_win32(void) {
+  char *p, b[5][64];
+  struct NtMemoryBasicInformation mi;
+  kprintf("%-12s %-12s %10s %16s %16s %32s %32s\n", "Allocation", "BaseAddress",
+          "RegionSize", "State", "Type", "AllocationProtect", "Protect");
+  for (p = 0;; p = (char *)mi.BaseAddress + mi.RegionSize) {
+    bzero(&mi, sizeof(mi));
+    if (!VirtualQuery(p, &mi, sizeof(mi)))
+      break;
+    sizefmt(b[0], mi.RegionSize, 1024);
+    kprintf("%.12lx %.12lx %10s %16s %16s %32s %32s\n", mi.AllocationBase,
+            mi.BaseAddress, b[0], DescribeNtMemState(b[1], mi.State),
+            DescribeNtMemType(b[2], mi.Type),
+            _DescribeNtPageFlags(b[3], mi.AllocationProtect),
+            _DescribeNtPageFlags(b[4], mi.Protect));
+  }
+}

libc/proc/fork-nt.c

@@ -125,11 +125,9 @@ static dontinline textwindows ssize_t ForkIo2(
 static dontinline textwindows bool WriteAll(int64_t h, void *buf, size_t n) {
   bool ok;
   ok = ForkIo2(h, buf, n, (void *)WriteFile, "WriteFile", false) != -1;
-  if (!ok) {
+  if (!ok)
     STRACE("fork() failed in parent due to WriteAll(%ld, %p, %'zu) → %u", h,
            buf, n, GetLastError());
-    __print_maps(0);
-  }
   return ok;
 }
 

libc/runtime/runtime.h

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ int ftrace_install(void) libcesque;
 int ftrace_enabled(int) libcesque;
 int strace_enabled(int) libcesque;
 void __print_maps(size_t) libcesque;
+void __print_maps_win32(void) libcesque;
 void __printargs(const char *) libcesque;
 /* builtin sh-like system/popen dsl */
 int _cocmd(int, char **, char **) libcesque;