Add nano pytorch training bf16 example (#5600)

* rollback requirement-doc

* Add Nano PyTorch BF16 Example

* Add comments and remove testing loop

* Update

python/nano/tutorial/training/pytorch/pytorch_train_bf16.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#
+# Copyright 2016 The BigDL Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import torch
+from torch import nn
+from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
+from torchvision import transforms
+from torchvision.models import resnet18
+from torchvision.datasets import OxfordIIITPet
+from torchmetrics import Accuracy
+
+from bigdl.nano.pytorch.torch_nano import TorchNano
+
+
+class MyPytorchModule(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.model = resnet18(pretrained=True)
+        num_ftrs = self.model.fc.in_features
+        # Here the size of each output sample is set to 37.
+        self.model.fc = nn.Linear(num_ftrs, 37)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return self.model(x)
+
+
+def create_dataloaders():
+    train_transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize(256),
+                                          transforms.RandomCrop(224),
+                                          transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
+                                          transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=.5, hue=.3),
+                                          transforms.ToTensor(),
+                                          transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
+                                                               [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])])
+    val_transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize(256),
+                                        transforms.CenterCrop(224),
+                                        transforms.ToTensor(),
+                                        transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
+                                                             [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])])
+
+    # Apply data augmentation to the tarin_dataset
+    train_dataset = OxfordIIITPet(root="/tmp/data", transform=train_transform, download=True)
+    val_dataset = OxfordIIITPet(root="/tmp/data", transform=val_transform)
+
+    # obtain training indices that will be used for validation
+    indices = torch.randperm(len(train_dataset))
+    val_size = len(train_dataset) // 4
+    train_dataset = torch.utils.data.Subset(train_dataset, indices[:-val_size])
+    val_dataset = torch.utils.data.Subset(val_dataset, indices[-val_size:])
+
+    # prepare data loaders
+    train_dataloader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=32)
+    val_dataloader = DataLoader(val_dataset, batch_size=32)
+
+    return train_dataloader, val_dataloader
+
+
+# subclass TorchNano and override its train() method
+class MyNano(TorchNano):
+    # move the body of your existing train function into TorchNano train method
+    def train(self):
+        model = MyPytorchModule()
+        optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.9, weight_decay=5e-4)
+        loss_fuc = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
+        train_loader, val_loader = create_dataloaders()
+
+        # call `setup` to prepare for model, optimizer(s) and dataloader(s) for accelerated training
+        model, optimizer, (train_loader, val_loader) = self.setup(model, optimizer,
+                                                                  train_loader, val_loader)
+        num_epochs = 5
+
+        # EPOCH LOOP
+        for epoch in range(num_epochs):
+
+            # TRAINING LOOP
+            model.train()
+            train_loss, num = 0, 0
+            for data, target in train_loader:
+                optimizer.zero_grad()
+                output = model(data)
+                # replace the loss.backward() with self.backward(loss)
+                loss = loss_fuc(output, target)
+                self.backward(loss)
+                optimizer.step()
+
+                train_loss += loss.sum()
+                num += 1
+            print(f'Train Epoch: {epoch}, avg_loss: {train_loss / num}')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # BF16 Training
+    #
+    # BFloat16 is a custom 16-bit floating point format for machine learning
+    # that’s comprised of one sign bit, eight exponent bits, and seven mantissa bits.
+    # BFloat16 has a greater "dynamic range" than FP16. This means it is able to
+    # improve numerical stability than FP16 while delivering increased performance
+    # and reducing memory usage.
+    #
+    # In BigDL-Nano, you can easily use BFloat16 mixed precision to accelerates PyTorch training
+    # through TorchNano by setting precision='bf16'.
+    #
+    # Note: Using BFloat16 precision with torch < 1.12 may result in extremely slow training.
+    MyNano(precision='bf16').train()
+    # You can also set use_ipex=True and precision='bf16' to enable ipex optimizer fusion
+    # for bf16 to gain more acceleration from BFloat16 data type.
+    MyNano(use_ipex=True, precision='bf16').train()