Install IPEX-LLM on Linux with Intel GPU

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This guide demonstrates how to install IPEX-LLM on Linux with Intel GPUs. It applies to Intel Data Center GPU Flex Series and Max Series, as well as Intel Arc Series GPU and Intel iGPU.

Note

For Windows installation, please refer to this guide.

IPEX-LLM recommends to use the Ubuntu 22.04 operating system with Linux kernel 6.2 or 6.5. This page demonstrates IPEX-LLM with PyTorch 2.1. Check the Installation page for more details.

Install Prerequisites

Install GPU Driver

For Intel Core™ Ultra Processors (Series 1) with processor number 1xxH/U/HL/UL (code name Meteor Lake)

Note

For IPEX-LLM on Linux with Meteor Lake integrated GPU, we have currently verified on Ubuntu 22.04 with kernel 6.5.0-35-generic.

1. Check current kernel version

You could check your current kernel version through:

uname -r

If the version displayed is not 6.5.0-35-generic, downgrade or upgrade the kernel to the recommended version.

2. (Optional) Downgrade / Upgrade to kernel 6.5.0-35

If your current kernel version is not 6.5.0-35-generic, you could downgrade or upgrade it by:

export VERSION="6.5.0-35"
sudo apt-get install -y linux-headers-$VERSION-generic linux-image-$VERSION-generic linux-modules-extra-$VERSION-generic

sudo sed -i "s/GRUB_DEFAULT=.*/GRUB_DEFAULT=\"1> $(echo $(($(awk -F\' '/menuentry / {print $2}' /boot/grub/grub.cfg \
| grep -no $VERSION | sed 's/:/\n/g' | head -n 1)-2)))\"/" /etc/default/grub

sudo update-grub

And the reboot your machine:

sudo reboot

After rebooting, you can use uname -r again to see that your kernel version has been changed to 6.5.0-35-generic.

3. Enable GPU driver support through `force_probe` flag

Next, you need to enable GPU driver support on kernel 6.5.0-35-generic through force_probe parameter：

export FORCE_PROBE_VALUE=$(sudo dmesg  | grep i915 | grep -o 'i915\.force_probe=[a-zA-Z0-9]\{4\}')

sudo sed -i "/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=/ s/\"\(.*\)\"/\"\1 $FORCE_PROBE_VALUE\"/" /etc/default/grub

Tip

In addition to using the above command, you could also maunally check your force_probe flag value through:

sudo dmesg  | grep i915

You may get output like Your graphics device 7d55 is not properly supported by i915 in this kernel version. To force driver probe anyway, use i915.force_probe=7d55, in which 7d55 is the PCI ID depends on your GPU model.

Then, modify the /etc/default/grub file directly. Make sure you add i915.force_probe=xxxx to the value of GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT. For example, before modification, you haveGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" inside /etc/default/grub. You then need to change it to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i915.force_probe=7d55".

Then update grub through:

sudo update-grub

Reboot the machine then to make the configuration take effect:

sudo reboot

4. Install compute packages

Compute packages are also required to be installed for Intel GPU on Ubuntu 22.04 through the following commands:

wget -qO - https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/intel-graphics.key | \
  sudo gpg --yes --dearmor --output /usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg

echo "deb [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg] https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/ubuntu jammy client" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/intel-gpu-jammy.list

sudo apt update

sudo apt-get install -y libze1 intel-level-zero-gpu intel-opencl-icd clinfo

5. Configure permmision and verify GPU driver setup

To complete the GPU driver setup, you need to make sure your user is in the render group:

sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} render
newgrp render

You could then verify whether the GPU driver is functioning properly with:

clinfo | grep "Device Name"

whose output should contain Intel(R) Arc(TM) Graphics or Intel(R) Graphics based on your GPU model.

Tip

You could refer to the official driver guide for client GPUs for more information.

For other Intel iGPU and dGPU

For Linux kernel 6.2

Choose one option below depending on your CPU type:

Option 1: For Intel Core CPU with multiple A770 Arc GPUs. Use the following repository:

sudo apt-get install -y gpg-agent wget
wget -qO - https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/intel-graphics.key | \
sudo gpg --dearmor --output /usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg
echo "deb [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg] https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/ubuntu jammy client" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/intel-gpu-jammy.list

Option 2: For Intel Xeon-W/SP CPU with multiple A770 Arc GPUs. Use this repository for better performance:

wget -qO - https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/intel-graphics.key | \
sudo gpg --yes --dearmor --output /usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg] https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/ubuntu jammy/lts/2350 unified" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/intel-gpu-jammy.list
sudo apt update

Install drivers

sudo apt-get update

# Install out-of-tree driver
sudo apt-get -y install \
    gawk \
    dkms \
    linux-headers-$(uname -r) \
    libc6-dev
sudo apt install intel-i915-dkms intel-fw-gpu
# Notice: if you are using Iris Graphics(integrated in 10-13 Gen Intel laptop CPU), please use below version of intel-i915-dkms instead.
# sudo apt install intel-i915-dkms=1.24.2.17.240301.20+i29-1 intel-fw-gpu=2024.17.5-329~22.04

# Install Compute Runtime
sudo apt-get install -y udev \
    intel-opencl-icd intel-level-zero-gpu level-zero \
    intel-media-va-driver-non-free libmfx1 libmfxgen1 libvpl2 \
    libegl-mesa0 libegl1-mesa libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm1 libgl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dri \
    libglapi-mesa libgles2-mesa-dev libglx-mesa0 libigdgmm12 libxatracker2 mesa-va-drivers \
    mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers va-driver-all vainfo

sudo reboot

Configure permissions

sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} render
newgrp render

# Verify the device is working with i915 driver
sudo apt-get install -y hwinfo
hwinfo --display

For Linux kernel 6.5

Choose one option below depending on your CPU type:

Option 1: For Intel Core CPU with multiple A770 Arc GPUs. Use the following repository:

sudo apt-get install -y gpg-agent wget
wget -qO - https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/intel-graphics.key | \
sudo gpg --dearmor --output /usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg
echo "deb [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg] https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/ubuntu jammy client" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/intel-gpu-jammy.list

Option 2: For Intel Xeon-W/SP CPU with multiple A770 Arc GPUs. Use this repository for better performance:

wget -qO - https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/intel-graphics.key | \
sudo gpg --yes --dearmor --output /usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg] https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/ubuntu jammy/lts/2350 unified" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/intel-gpu-jammy.list
sudo apt update

Install drivers

sudo apt-get update

# Install out-of-tree driver
sudo apt-get -y install \
    gawk \
    dkms \
    linux-headers-$(uname -r) \
    libc6-dev
sudo apt install -y intel-i915-dkms intel-fw-gpu
# Notice: if you are using Iris Graphics(integrated in 10-13 Gen Intel laptop CPU), please use below version of intel-i915-dkms instead.
# sudo apt install intel-i915-dkms=1.24.2.17.240301.20+i29-1 intel-fw-gpu=2024.17.5-329~22.04

# Install Compute Runtime
sudo apt-get install -y udev \
    intel-opencl-icd intel-level-zero-gpu level-zero \
    intel-media-va-driver-non-free libmfx1 libmfxgen1 libvpl2 \
    libegl-mesa0 libegl1-mesa libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm1 libgl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dri \
    libglapi-mesa libgles2-mesa-dev libglx-mesa0 libigdgmm12 libxatracker2 mesa-va-drivers \
    mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers va-driver-all vainfo

sudo reboot

Configure permissions

sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} render
newgrp render

# Verify the device is working with i915 driver
sudo apt-get install -y hwinfo
hwinfo --display

Install oneAPI

IPEX-LLM requires installation of oneAPI 2024.0 for Intel GPU on Linux

wget -O- https://apt.repos.intel.com/intel-gpg-keys/GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/oneapi-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/oneapi-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/oneAPI.list

sudo apt update

sudo apt install intel-oneapi-common-vars=2024.0.0-49406 \
  intel-oneapi-common-oneapi-vars=2024.0.0-49406 \
  intel-oneapi-diagnostics-utility=2024.0.0-49093 \
  intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp=2024.0.2-49895 \
  intel-oneapi-dpcpp-ct=2024.0.0-49381 \
  intel-oneapi-mkl=2024.0.0-49656 \
  intel-oneapi-mkl-devel=2024.0.0-49656 \
  intel-oneapi-mpi=2021.11.0-49493 \
  intel-oneapi-mpi-devel=2021.11.0-49493 \
  intel-oneapi-dal=2024.0.1-25 \
  intel-oneapi-dal-devel=2024.0.1-25 \
  intel-oneapi-ippcp=2021.9.1-5 \
  intel-oneapi-ippcp-devel=2021.9.1-5 \
  intel-oneapi-ipp=2021.10.1-13 \
  intel-oneapi-ipp-devel=2021.10.1-13 \
  intel-oneapi-tlt=2024.0.0-352 \
  intel-oneapi-ccl=2021.11.2-5 \
  intel-oneapi-ccl-devel=2021.11.2-5 \
  intel-oneapi-dnnl-devel=2024.0.0-49521 \
  intel-oneapi-dnnl=2024.0.0-49521 \
  intel-oneapi-tcm-1.0=1.0.0-435

Important

Please make sure to reboot the machine after the installation of GPU driver and oneAPI is complete:

sudo reboot

Setup Python Environment

Download and install the Miniforge as follows if you don't have conda installed on your machine:

wget https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/latest/download/Miniforge3-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash Miniforge3-Linux-x86_64.sh
source ~/.bashrc

You can use conda --version to verify you conda installation.

After installation, create a new python environment llm:

conda create -n llm python=3.11

Activate the newly created environment llm:

conda activate llm

Install `ipex-llm`

With the llm environment active, use pip to install ipex-llm for GPU. Choose either US or CN website for extra-index-url:

For US:

pip install --pre --upgrade ipex-llm[xpu] --extra-index-url https://pytorch-extension.intel.com/release-whl/stable/xpu/us/

For CN:

pip install --pre --upgrade ipex-llm[xpu] --extra-index-url https://pytorch-extension.intel.com/release-whl/stable/xpu/cn/

Note

If you encounter network issues while installing IPEX, refer to this guide for troubleshooting advice.

Verify Installation

You can verify if ipex-llm is successfully installed by simply importing a few classes from the library. For example, execute the following import command in the terminal:
```
source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh

python

> from ipex_llm.transformers import AutoModel, AutoModelForCausalLM
```

Runtime Configurations

To use GPU acceleration on Linux, several environment variables are required or recommended before running a GPU example. Choose corresponding configurations based on your GPU device:

For Intel Arc™ A-Series and Intel Data Center GPU Flex:

For Intel Arc™ A-Series Graphics and Intel Data Center GPU Flex Series, we recommend:

# Configure oneAPI environment variables.
source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh

# Recommended Environment Variables for optimal performance
export USE_XETLA=OFF
export SYCL_CACHE_PERSISTENT=1
# [optional] under most circumstances, the following environment variable may improve performance, but sometimes this may also cause performance degradation
export SYCL_PI_LEVEL_ZERO_USE_IMMEDIATE_COMMANDLISTS=1

For Intel Data Center GPU Max:

For Intel Data Center GPU Max Series, we recommend:

# Configure oneAPI environment variables.
source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh

# Recommended Environment Variables for optimal performance
export LD_PRELOAD=${LD_PRELOAD}:${CONDA_PREFIX}/lib/libtcmalloc.so
export SYCL_CACHE_PERSISTENT=1
export ENABLE_SDP_FUSION=1
# [optional] under most circumstances, the following environment variable may improve performance, but sometimes this may also cause performance degradation
export SYCL_PI_LEVEL_ZERO_USE_IMMEDIATE_COMMANDLISTS=1

Please note that libtcmalloc.so can be installed by conda install -c conda-forge -y gperftools=2.10

For Intel iGPU:

# Configure oneAPI environment variables. 
source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh

export SYCL_CACHE_PERSISTENT=1

Note

Please refer to this guide for more details regarding runtime configuration.

Note

The environment variable SYCL_PI_LEVEL_ZERO_USE_IMMEDIATE_COMMANDLISTS determines the usage of immediate command lists for task submission to the GPU. While this mode typically enhances performance, exceptions may occur. Please consider experimenting with and without this environment variable for best performance. For more details, you can refer to this article.

A Quick Example

Now let's play with a real LLM. We'll be using the phi-1.5 model, a 1.3 billion parameter LLM for this demostration. Follow the steps below to setup and run the model, and observe how it responds to a prompt "What is AI?".

Step 1: Activate the Python environment llm you previously created:
```
conda activate llm
```
Step 2: Follow Runtime Configurations Section above to prepare your runtime environment.

Step 3: Create a new file named demo.py and insert the code snippet below.

# Copy/Paste the contents to a new file demo.py
import torch
from ipex_llm.transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GenerationConfig
generation_config = GenerationConfig(use_cache = True)

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-7b", trust_remote_code=True)
# load Model using ipex-llm and load it to GPU
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "tiiuae/falcon-7b", load_in_4bit=True, cpu_embedding=True, trust_remote_code=True)
model = model.to('xpu')

# Format the prompt
question = "What is AI?"
prompt = " Question:{prompt}\n\n Answer:".format(prompt=question)
# Generate predicted tokens
with torch.inference_mode():
    input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to('xpu')
    # warm up one more time before the actual generation task for the first run, see details in `Tips & Troubleshooting`
    # output = model.generate(input_ids, do_sample=False, max_new_tokens=32, generation_config = generation_config)
    output = model.generate(input_ids, do_sample=False, max_new_tokens=32, generation_config = generation_config).cpu()
    output_str = tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
    print(output_str)

Note:

When running LLMs on Intel iGPUs with limited memory size, we recommend setting cpu_embedding=True in the from_pretrained function. This will allow the memory-intensive embedding layer to utilize the CPU instead of GPU.

Step 5. Run demo.py within the activated Python environment using the following command:
```
python demo.py
```

Example output

Example output on a system equipped with an 11th Gen Intel Core i7 CPU and Iris Xe Graphics iGPU:

Question:What is AI?
Answer: AI stands for Artificial Intelligence, which is the simulation of human intelligence in machines.

Tips & Troubleshooting

Warmup for optimial performance on first run

When running LLMs on GPU for the first time, you might notice the performance is lower than expected, with delays up to several minutes before the first token is generated. This delay occurs because the GPU kernels require compilation and initialization, which varies across different GPU types. To achieve optimal and consistent performance, we recommend a one-time warm-up by running model.generate(...) an additional time before starting your actual generation tasks. If you're developing an application, you can incorporate this warmup step into start-up or loading routine to enhance the user experience.

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install_linux_gpu.md

install_linux_gpu.md

Install IPEX-LLM on Linux with Intel GPU

Table of Contents

Install Prerequisites

Install GPU Driver

For Intel Core™ Ultra Processors (Series 1) with processor number 1xxH/U/HL/UL (code name Meteor Lake)

1. Check current kernel version

2. (Optional) Downgrade / Upgrade to kernel 6.5.0-35

3. Enable GPU driver support through `force_probe` flag

4. Install compute packages

5. Configure permmision and verify GPU driver setup

For other Intel iGPU and dGPU

For Linux kernel 6.2

For Linux kernel 6.5

Install oneAPI

Setup Python Environment

Install `ipex-llm`

Verify Installation

Runtime Configurations

A Quick Example

Example output

Tips & Troubleshooting

Warmup for optimial performance on first run

Files

install_linux_gpu.md

Latest commit

History

install_linux_gpu.md

File metadata and controls

Install IPEX-LLM on Linux with Intel GPU

Table of Contents

Install Prerequisites

Install GPU Driver

For Intel Core™ Ultra Processors (Series 1) with processor number 1xxH/U/HL/UL (code name Meteor Lake)

1. Check current kernel version

2. (Optional) Downgrade / Upgrade to kernel 6.5.0-35

3. Enable GPU driver support through force_probe flag

4. Install compute packages

5. Configure permmision and verify GPU driver setup

For other Intel iGPU and dGPU

For Linux kernel 6.2

For Linux kernel 6.5

Install oneAPI

Setup Python Environment

Install ipex-llm

Verify Installation

Runtime Configurations

A Quick Example

Example output

Tips & Troubleshooting

Warmup for optimial performance on first run

3. Enable GPU driver support through `force_probe` flag

Install `ipex-llm`