Backport of security: update Go version to 1.20.4 into release/1.1.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #2102 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.1.x.

WARNING automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. Commits will require human attention.

merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/consul-k8s/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Changes proposed in this PR:

• Resolves CVES: GHSA-fp86-2355-v99r, GHSA-v4m2-x4rp-hv22, GHSA-8v5j-pwr7-w5f8, GHSA-9f7g-gqwh-jpf5, plus additional CVEs resolved with Go 1.20.4.

Resolves dependabot PRs #2096, #1987, #1986

How I've tested this PR: CI/CD only

How I expect reviewers to test this PR: 👀

Checklist:

• Tests added
• CHANGELOG entry added

  HashiCorp engineers only, community PRs should not add a changelog entry.
  Entries should use present tense (e.g. Add support for...)

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Overview of commits

• 0d40944

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