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[Snyk] Fix for 1 vulnerabilities #50

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This PR was automatically created by Snyk using the credentials of a real user.


Snyk has created this PR to fix one or more vulnerable packages in the `npm` dependencies of this project.

Changes included in this PR

  • Changes to the following files to upgrade the vulnerable dependencies to a fixed version:
    • package.json

Vulnerabilities that will be fixed

With an upgrade:
Severity Priority Score (*) Issue Breaking Change Exploit Maturity
medium severity 713/1000
Why? Proof of Concept exploit, Recently disclosed, Has a fix available, CVSS 6.4
Prototype Pollution
SNYK-JS-JSON5-3182856
Yes Proof of Concept

(*) Note that the real score may have changed since the PR was raised.

Commit messages
Package name: bootstrap-loader The new version differs by 97 commits.

See the full diff

Package name: extract-text-webpack-plugin The new version differs by 126 commits.

See the full diff

Check the changes in this PR to ensure they won't cause issues with your project.


Note: You are seeing this because you or someone else with access to this repository has authorized Snyk to open fix PRs.

For more information:
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📚 Read more about Snyk's upgrade and patch logic


Learn how to fix vulnerabilities with free interactive lessons:

🦉 Prototype Pollution

The following vulnerabilities are fixed with an upgrade:
- https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-JSON5-3182856
@secure-code-warrior-for-github

Micro-Learning Topic: Prototype pollution (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "Prototype Pollution"

What is this? (2min video)

By adding or modifying attributes of an object prototype, it is possible to create attributes that exist on every object, or replace critical attributes with malicious ones. This can be problematic if the software depends on existence or non-existence of certain attributes, or uses pre-defined attributes of object prototype (such as hasOwnProperty, toString or valueOf).

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Prototype Pollution

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Description

The problem lies with the manner in which JavaScript implements inheritance by using a prototype. What this means, in a nutshell, is that every object contains a reference to the prototype of its class. When a property is requested from a particular object, the runtime first checks if the instance has the aforementioned property; otherwise, it looks it up in the prototype chain, recursively.

The reference to the prototype is available via the __proto__ property. The fact that the prototype itself is just an object that has properties makes the whole structure susceptible to unwanted alteration when properties have been assigned from any untrusted input.

Read more

Impact

The impact of Prototype Pollution is ultimately determined by the sensitivity and criticality of the data ingested by the application. It is not a vulnerability that is dangerous per se; rather, it all depends on how the application uses such untrusted properties. In other words, it merely alters the program data and flow.

Scenario 1

The following example considers an object (in a JavaScript console):

> o = {x: 123, __proto__: {toString: () => console.log('Triggered!')}}
{ x: 123 }
> o + ''
Triggered!
'undefined'

We have created an object with its own prototype that redefines the toString property.

While this is important, it is unlikely that some kind of injection (e.g., an injection via GET parameters, cookies, etc.) ends up creating a JavaScript function (() => console.log('Triggered!') in the above example unless the application uses eval or some other mechanism. Instead, it is likely that an attacker is able to place strings, numbers, an array, or objects.

In this case, there is no direct code execution, and the impact is merely that of adding another property to the object; since we are already injecting __proto__ itself, this is not particularly interesting. It could still be possible to introduce a denial of service by overwriting some methods with non-function values, for example {toString: 123}.

Scenario 2

In this case, however, the application allows the alteration of an existing prototype. Consider the following:

const someObject = {};
const someOtherObject = {};

// ...

someObject[UNTRUSTED_NAME_1][UNTRUSTED_NAME_2] = UNTRUSTED_VALUE;

// ...

if (someOtherObject.isAdminEnabled) {
    // do some sensitive stuff
}

Being able to control UNTRUSTED_NAME_1, UNTRUSTED_NAME_2 and UNTRUSTED_VALUE can be used to alter the prototype of all the other objects (not only someObject) with the ultimate effect of setting someOtherObject.isAdminEnabled to true. Specifically, using these values:

UNTRUSTED_NAME_1 = '__proto__';
UNTRUSTED_NAME_2 = 'isAdminEnabled';
UNTRUSTED_VALUE = 'whatever truthy';

Prevention

There are different approaches to preventing Prototype Pollution, the most trivial of which is to disallow untrusted data being assigned to arbitrary properties altogether. If this is not possible, developers might implement some filtering so that it is not possible to overwrite __proto__ or other special properties of an object.

Testing

Verify that the application protects against JavaScript injection attacks, including for eval attacks, remote JavaScript includes, DOM XSS, and JavaScript expression evaluation.

References

The Daily Swig - Prototype pollution: The dangerous and underrated vulnerability impacting JavaScript applications

Medium - What is Prototype Pollution and why is it such a big deal?

View this in the SecureFlag Knowledge Base

@secure-code-warrior-for-github

Micro-Learning Topic: Denial of service (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "denial of service"

The Denial of Service (DoS) attack is focused on making a resource (site, application, server) unavailable for the purpose it was designed. There are many ways to make a service unavailable for legitimate users by manipulating network packets, programming, logical, or resources handling vulnerabilities, among others. Source: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Denial_of_Service

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Micro-Learning Topic: DOM-based cross-site scripting (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "DOM XSS"

What is this? (2min video)

DOM-based cross-site scripting vulnerabilities occur when unescaped input is processed by client-side script and insecurely written into the page Document Object Model (DOM). This will result in immediate changes to the page, potentially without any call to the server. When HTML or script is included in the input, it will be processed by a user's browser as HTML or script and can alter the appearance of the page or execute malicious scripts in their user context.

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Micro-Learning Topic: Injection attack (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "injection attack"

Injection flaws, such as SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection, occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query. The attacker’s hostile data can trick the interpreter into executing unintended commands or accessing data without proper authorization. Source: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project

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Helpful references

Micro-Learning Topic: Cross-site scripting (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "XSS"

What is this? (2min video)

Cross-site scripting vulnerabilities occur when unescaped input is rendered into a page displayed to the user. When HTML or script is included in the input, it will be processed by a user's browser as HTML or script and can alter the appearance of the page or execute malicious scripts in their user context.

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Helpful references

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