Upgrade Protobuf C++ to 22.3

[ejona86]

TODO:

• We need add a ton of -l for absl. pkg-config can't even help us at the moment: protobuf.pc pkgconfig file generated by protobuf's cmake build doesn't declare absl and utf8_range dependencies. protocolbuffers/protobuf#12439
• We need a newer MSVC for Windows. The absl version we need requires MSVC 15.0 (VS 2017). The next version will require MSVC++ 16.0 (VS 2019). I don't see a Kokoro image with these versions available. We'll need to talk to grpc C folks to see how they are handling this.

See also #10045

[ejona86]

pkgconf might not be too bad to build on Windows and Mac, as it has a Meson build and easy autotools build.