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Given n nodes labeled from 0 to n-1 and a list of undirected edges (each edge is a pair of nodes), write a function to check whether these edges make up a valid tree.
Example 1:
Input: n = 5, and edges = [[0,1], [0,2], [0,3], [1,4]]
Output: true
Example 2:
Input: n = 5, and edges = [[0,1], [1,2], [2,3], [1,3], [1,4]]
Output: false
Note: you can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in edges. Since all edges are undirected, [0,1] is the same as [1,0] and thus will not appear together in edges.
// BFS
class Solution {
public:
bool validTree(int n, vector<pair<int, int>>& edges) {
vector<unordered_set<int>> g(n, unordered_set<int>());
unordered_set<int> s{{0}};
queue<int> q{{0}};
for (auto a : edges) {
g[a.first].insert(a.second);
g[a.second].insert(a.first);
}
while (!q.empty()) {
int t = q.front(); q.pop();
for (auto a : g[t]) {
if (s.count(a)) return false;
s.insert(a);
q.push(a);
g[a].erase(t);
}
}
return s.size() == n;
}
};
我们再来看 Union Find 的方法,这种方法对于解决连通图的问题很有效,思想是遍历节点,如果两个节点相连,将其 roots 值连上,这样可以找到环,初始化 roots 数组为 -1,然后对于一个 pair 的两个节点分别调用 find 函数,得到的值如果相同的话,则说明环存在,返回 false,不同的话,将其 roots 值 union 上,参见代码如下:
解法三:
// Union Find
class Solution {
public:
bool validTree(int n, vector<pair<int, int>>& edges) {
vector<int> roots(n, -1);
for (auto a : edges) {
int x = find(roots, a.first), y = find(roots, a.second);
if (x == y) return false;
roots[x] = y;
}
return edges.size() == n - 1;
}
int find(vector<int> &roots, int i) {
while (roots[i] != -1) i = roots[i];
return i;
}
};
Given
n
nodes labeled from0
ton-1
and a list of undirected edges (each edge is a pair of nodes), write a function to check whether these edges make up a valid tree.Example 1:
Example 2:
Note: you can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in
edges
. Since all edges are undirected,[0,1]
is the same as[1,0]
and thus will not appear together inedges
.这道题给了一个无向图,让我们来判断其是否为一棵树,如果是树的话,所有的节点必须是连接的,也就是说必须是连通图,而且不能有环,所以焦点就变成了验证是否是连通图和是否含有环。首先用 DFS 来做,根据 pair 来建立一个图的结构,用邻接链表来表示,还需要一个一位数组v来记录某个结点是否被访问过,然后用 DFS 来搜索结点0,遍历的思想是,当 DFS 到某个结点,先看当前结点是否被访问过,如果已经被访问过,说明环存在,直接返回 false,如果未被访问过,现在将其状态标记为已访问过,然后到邻接链表里去找跟其相邻的结点继续递归遍历,注意还需要一个变量 pre 来记录上一个结点,以免回到上一个结点,这样遍历结束后,就把和结点0相邻的节点都标记为 true,然后再看v里面是否还有没被访问过的结点,如果有,则说明图不是完全连通的,返回 false,反之返回 true,参见代码如下:
解法一:
下面来看 BFS 的解法,思路很相近,需要用 queue 来辅助遍历,这里没有用一维向量来标记节点是否访问过,而是用了一个 HashSet,如果遍历到一个节点,在 HashSet 中没有,则加入 HashSet,如果已经存在,则返回false,还有就是在遍历邻接链表的时候,遍历完成后需要将结点删掉,参见代码如下:
解法二:
我们再来看 Union Find 的方法,这种方法对于解决连通图的问题很有效,思想是遍历节点,如果两个节点相连,将其 roots 值连上,这样可以找到环,初始化 roots 数组为 -1,然后对于一个 pair 的两个节点分别调用 find 函数,得到的值如果相同的话,则说明环存在,返回 false,不同的话,将其 roots 值 union 上,参见代码如下:
解法三:
Github 同步地址:
#261
类似题目:
Number of Islands II
Number of Connected Components in an Undirected Graph
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/graph-valid-tree/
https://leetcode.com/problems/graph-valid-tree/discuss/69018/AC-Java-Union-Find-solution
https://leetcode.com/problems/graph-valid-tree/discuss/69042/AC-Java-Graph-DFS-solution-with-adjacency-list
https://leetcode.com/problems/graph-valid-tree/discuss/69019/Simple-and-clean-c%2B%2B-solution-with-detailed-explanation.
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