feat: add wasmtime based optimizer for dependency-free Rust impl

This commit adds a new feature-flagged implementation of `Optimizer`,
which uses the `wasmtime` runtime to run the WASM-compiled Stan model.

components/cpp/prophet-wasmstan/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 *-core.wasm
 *-component.wasm
 *_component_type.o
+prophet-wasmstan.wasm

crates/augurs-prophet/.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 /prophet_stan_model
+prophet-wasmstan.wasm

crates/augurs-prophet/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ tempfile = { version = "3.13.0", optional = true }
 thiserror.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
 ureq = { version = "2.10.1", optional = true }
+wasmtime = { version = "26", features = [
+    "runtime",
+    "component-model",
+], optional = true }
+wasmtime-wasi = { version = "26", optional = true }
 zip = { version = "2.2.0", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
@@ -45,25 +50,46 @@ download = ["dep:ureq", "dep:zip"]
 # end users, or you may end up with a broken build where the
 # Prophet model isn't available to be compiled into the binary.
 internal-ignore-cmdstan-failure = []
+# Ignore wasmstan compilation in the build script.
+# This should only be used for developing the library, not by
+# end users, or you may end up with a broken build where the
+# Prophet model isn't available to be compiled into the binary.
+internal-ignore-wasmstan-failure = []
 serde = ["dep:serde"]
+compile-wasmstan = ["wasmstan"]
+wasmstan = ["dep:serde_json", "dep:wasmtime", "dep:wasmtime-wasi", "serde"]
 
 [lib]
 bench = false
 
 [[bench]]
-name = "prophet-linear"
+name = "prophet-cmdstan-linear"
 harness = false
 required-features = ["cmdstan", "compile-cmdstan"]
 
 [[bench]]
-name = "prophet-logistic"
+name = "prophet-cmdstan-logistic"
 harness = false
 required-features = ["cmdstan", "compile-cmdstan"]
 
+[[bench]]
+name = "prophet-wasmstan-linear"
+harness = false
+required-features = ["wasmstan"]
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "prophet-wasmstan-logistic"
+harness = false
+required-features = ["wasmstan"]
+
 [[bin]]
 name = "download-stan-model"
 path = "src/bin/main.rs"
 required-features = ["download"]
 
+[[test]]
+name = "wasmstan"
+required-features = ["wasmstan"]
+
 [lints]
 workspace = true

crates/augurs-prophet/build.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 /// - The `STAN_PATH` environment variable to be set to the
 ///   path to the Stan installation.
 #[cfg(all(feature = "cmdstan", feature = "compile-cmdstan"))]
-fn compile_model() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn compile_cmdstan_model() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     use std::{fs, path::PathBuf, process::Command};
     use tempfile::TempDir;
 
@@ -65,25 +65,21 @@ fn compile_model() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn fallback() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn create_empty_files(names: &[&str]) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let out_dir = std::path::PathBuf::from(std::env::var("OUT_DIR")?);
     std::fs::create_dir_all(&out_dir)?;
-    let prophet_path = out_dir.join("prophet");
-    let libtbb_path = out_dir.join("libtbb.so.12");
-    std::fs::File::create(&prophet_path)?;
-    std::fs::File::create(&libtbb_path)?;
-    eprintln!(
-        "Created empty files for prophet ({}) and libtbb ({})",
-        prophet_path.display(),
-        libtbb_path.display()
-    );
+    for name in names {
+        let path = out_dir.join(name);
+        std::fs::File::create(&path)?;
+        eprintln!("Created empty file for {}", path.display());
+    }
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+fn handle_cmdstan() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let _result = Ok::<(), &'static str>(());
     #[cfg(all(feature = "cmdstan", feature = "compile-cmdstan"))]
-    let _result = compile_model();
+    let _result = compile_cmdstan_model();
     // This is a complete hack but lets us get away with still using
     // the `--all-features` flag of Cargo without everything failing
     // if there isn't a Stan installation.
@@ -94,12 +90,12 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     // feature.
     #[cfg(feature = "internal-ignore-cmdstan-failure")]
     if _result.is_err() {
-        fallback()?;
+        create_empty_files(&["prophet", "libtbb.so.12"])?;
     }
     // Do the same thing in docs.rs builds.
     #[cfg(not(feature = "internal-ignore-cmdstan-failure"))]
     if std::env::var("DOCS_RS").is_ok() {
-        fallback()?;
+        create_empty_files(&["prophet", "libtbb.so.12"])?;
     }
 
     // If we're not in a docs.rs build and we don't have the 'ignore'
@@ -110,3 +106,8 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     }
     Ok(())
 }
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    handle_cmdstan()?;
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/augurs-prophet/prophet-wasmstan.wit

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../components/cpp/prophet-wasmstan/wit/prophet-wasmstan.wit

crates/augurs-prophet/src/cmdstan.rs

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ struct OptimizeCommand<'a> {
     refresh: usize,
 }
 
-impl<'a> OptimizeCommand<'a> {
+impl OptimizeCommand<'_> {
     fn run(&self) -> Result<optimizer::OptimizedParams, Error> {
         // Set up temp dir and files.
         let tempdir = tempfile::tempdir()?;

crates/augurs-prophet/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ mod util;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "cmdstan")]
 pub mod cmdstan;
+#[cfg(feature = "wasmstan")]
+pub mod wasmstan;
 
 /// A timestamp represented as seconds since the epoch.
 pub type TimestampSeconds = i64;

crates/augurs-prophet/src/wasmstan.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+//! Use `wasmtime` to run the Prophet model inside a WebAssembly component.
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use wasmtime::{
+    component::{Component, Linker},
+    Engine, Store,
+};
+use wasmtime_wasi::{ResourceTable, WasiCtx, WasiView};
+
+use crate::{
+    optimizer::{self, Data, InitialParams, OptimizeOpts, OptimizedParams},
+    Optimizer,
+};
+
+/// An error that can occur when using the `WasmStanOptimizer`.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    /// An error occurred while compiling the WebAssembly component.
+    #[error("Error compiling component: {0}")]
+    Compilation(wasmtime::Error),
+    /// An error occurred while instantiating the WebAssembly component.
+    #[error("Error instantiating component: {0}")]
+    Instantiation(wasmtime::Error),
+    /// An error occurred in wasmtime while running the WebAssembly component.
+    #[error("Error running component: {0}")]
+    Runtime(wasmtime::Error),
+    /// An error occurred in Stan while running the optimization.
+    #[error("Error running optimization: {0}")]
+    Optimize(String),
+    /// An invalid parameter value was received from the optimizer.
+    #[error("Invalid value ({value}) for parameter {param} received from optimizer")]
+    InvalidParam {
+        /// The parameter name.
+        param: String,
+        /// The value received from the optimizer.
+        value: f64,
+    },
+}
+
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+mod gen {
+    use wasmtime::component::bindgen;
+
+    bindgen!({
+        world: "prophet-wasmstan",
+        path: "prophet-wasmstan.wit",
+        // Uncomment this to include the pregenerated file in the `target` directory
+        // somewhere (search for `prophet-wasmstan0.rs`).
+        // include_generated_code_from_file: true,
+    });
+}
+
+use gen::*;
+
+struct WasiState {
+    ctx: WasiCtx,
+    table: ResourceTable,
+}
+
+impl Default for WasiState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ctx: WasiCtx::builder().build(),
+            table: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl WasiView for WasiState {
+    fn ctx(&mut self) -> &mut WasiCtx {
+        &mut self.ctx
+    }
+    fn table(&mut self) -> &mut ResourceTable {
+        &mut self.table
+    }
+}
+
+/// An `Optimizer` which runs the Prophet model inside a WebAssembly
+/// component.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct WasmstanOptimizer {
+    engine: Engine,
+    instance_pre: ProphetWasmstanPre<WasiState>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for WasmstanOptimizer {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("WasmStanOptimizer").finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl WasmstanOptimizer {
+    /// Create a new `WasmStanOptimizer`.
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        // Create an engine in which to compile and run everything.
+        let engine = Engine::default();
+
+        // Create a component from the compiled and embedded WASM binary.
+        let component = Component::from_binary(
+            &engine,
+            include_bytes!(concat!(
+                std::env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+                "/prophet-wasmstan.wasm"
+            )),
+        )
+        .map_err(Error::Compilation)?;
+
+        // Create a linker, which will add WASI imports to the component.
+        let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
+        wasmtime_wasi::add_to_linker_sync(&mut linker).map_err(Error::Instantiation)?;
+
+        // Create a pre-instantiated component.
+        // This does as much work as possible here, so that `optimize` can
+        // be called multiple times with the minimum amount of overhead.
+        let instance_pre = linker
+            .instantiate_pre(&component)
+            .and_then(ProphetWasmstanPre::new)
+            .map_err(Error::Instantiation)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            engine,
+            instance_pre,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Optimize the model using the given parameters.
+    fn wasm_optimize(
+        &self,
+        init: &augurs::prophet_wasmstan::types::Inits,
+        data: &String,
+        opts: augurs::prophet_wasmstan::types::OptimizeOpts,
+    ) -> Result<OptimizedParams, Error> {
+        let mut store = Store::new(&self.engine, WasiState::default());
+        let instance = self
+            .instance_pre
+            .instantiate(&mut store)
+            .map_err(Error::Instantiation)?;
+        instance
+            .augurs_prophet_wasmstan_optimizer()
+            .call_optimize(&mut store, init, data, opts)
+            .map_err(Error::Runtime)?
+            .map_err(Error::Optimize)
+            .and_then(|op| op.params.try_into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<augurs::prophet_wasmstan::types::OptimizedParams> for OptimizedParams {
+    type Error = Error;
+    fn try_from(
+        value: augurs::prophet_wasmstan::types::OptimizedParams,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            k: value.k,
+            m: value.m,
+            sigma_obs: value
+                .sigma_obs
+                .try_into()
+                .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidParam {
+                    param: "sigma_obs".to_string(),
+                    value: value.sigma_obs,
+                })?,
+            delta: value.delta,
+            beta: value.beta,
+            trend: value.trend,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Optimizer for WasmstanOptimizer {
+    fn optimize(
+        &self,
+        init: &InitialParams,
+        data: &Data,
+        opts: &OptimizeOpts,
+    ) -> Result<OptimizedParams, optimizer::Error> {
+        let data = serde_json::to_string(&data).map_err(optimizer::Error::custom)?;
+        self.wasm_optimize(&init.into(), &data, opts.into())
+            .map_err(optimizer::Error::custom)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&InitialParams> for augurs::prophet_wasmstan::types::Inits {
+    fn from(init: &InitialParams) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            k: init.k,
+            m: init.m,
+            sigma_obs: init.sigma_obs.into(),
+            delta: init.delta.clone(),
+            beta: init.beta.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&OptimizeOpts> for augurs::prophet_wasmstan::types::OptimizeOpts {
+    fn from(opts: &OptimizeOpts) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            algorithm: opts.algorithm.map(Into::into),
+            seed: opts.seed,
+            chain: opts.chain,
+            init_alpha: opts.init_alpha,
+            tol_obj: opts.tol_obj,
+            tol_rel_obj: opts.tol_rel_obj,
+            tol_grad: opts.tol_grad,
+            tol_rel_grad: opts.tol_rel_grad,
+            tol_param: opts.tol_param,
+            history_size: opts.history_size,
+            iter: opts.iter,
+            jacobian: opts.jacobian,
+            refresh: opts.refresh,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<optimizer::Algorithm> for augurs::prophet_wasmstan::types::Algorithm {
+    fn from(algo: optimizer::Algorithm) -> Self {
+        match algo {
+            optimizer::Algorithm::Bfgs => Self::Bfgs,
+            optimizer::Algorithm::Lbfgs => Self::Lbfgs,
+            optimizer::Algorithm::Newton => Self::Newton,
+        }
+    }
+}