azrepos: add commands to manager user bindings

Add commands to manually manager the user/org bindings for the Azure
Repos host provider.

docs/azrepos-users-and-tokens.md

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+# Azure Repos: Access tokens and Accounts
+
+## Different credential types
+
+The Azure Repos host provider supports creating multiple types of credential:
+
+- Azure DevOps personal access tokens
+- Microsoft identity OAuth tokens (experimental)
+
+### Azure DevOps personal access tokens
+
+Historically, the only option supported by the Azure Repos host provider was
+Azure DevOps Personal Access Tokens (PATs).
+
+These PATs are only used by Azure DevOps, and must be [managed through the Azure
+DevOps user settings page](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/organizations/accounts/use-personal-access-tokens-to-authenticate?view=azure-devops&tabs=preview-page).
+
+PATs have a limited lifetime and new tokens must be created once they expire. In
+Git Credential Manager, when a PAT expired (or was manually revoked) this
+resulted in a new authentication prompt.
+
+### Microsoft identity OAuth tokens (experimental)
+
+"Microsoft identity OAuth token" is the generic term for OAuth-based access
+tokens issued by Azure Active Directory for either Work and School Accounts
+(AAD tokens) or Personal Accounts (Microsoft Account/MSA tokens).
+
+Azure DevOps supports Git authentication using Microsoft identity OAuth tokens
+as well as PATs. Microsoft identity OAuth tokens created by Git Credential
+Manager are scoped to Azure DevOps only.
+
+Unlike PATs, Microsoft identity OAuth tokens get automatically refreshed and
+renewed as long as you are actively using them to perform Git operations.
+
+These tokens are also securely shared with other Microsoft developer tools
+including the Visual Studio IDE and Azure CLI. This means that as long as you're
+using Git or one of these tools with the same account, you'll never need to
+re-authenticate due to expired tokens!
+
+#### User accounts
+
+In versions of Git Credential Manager that support Microsoft identity OAuth
+tokens, the user account used to authenticate for a particular Azure DevOps
+organization will now be remembered.
+
+The first time you clone, fetch or push from/to an Azure DevOps organization you
+will be prompted to sign-in and select a user account. Git Credential Manager
+will remember which account you used and continue to use that for all future
+remote Git operations (clone/fetch/push). An account is said to be "bound" to
+an Azure DevOps organization.
+
+---
+
+**Note:** If GCM is set to use PAT credentials, this account will **NOT** be
+used and you will continue to be prompted to select a user account to renew the
+credential. This may change in the future.
+
+---
+
+Normally you won't need to worry about managing which user accounts Git
+Credential Manager is using as this is configured automatically when you first
+authenticate for a particular Azure DevOps organziation.
+
+In advanced scenarios (such as using multiple accounts) you can interact with
+and manage remembered user accounts using the 'azure-repos' provider command:
+
+```shell
+git-credential-manager-core azure-repos [ list | bind | unbind | ... ] <options>
+```
+
+##### Listing remembered accounts
+
+You can list all bound user accounts by Git Credential Manager for each Azure
+DevOps organization using the `list` command:
+
+```shell
+$ git-credential-manager-core azure-repos list
+contoso:
+  (global) -> [email protected]
+fabrikam:
+  (global) -> [email protected]
+```
+
+In the above example, the `contoso` Azure DevOps organization is associated with
+the `[email protected]` user account, while the `fabrikam` organization is
+associated to the `[email protected]` user account.
+
+Global "bindings" apply to all remote Git operations for the current computer
+user profile and are stored in `~/.gitconfig` or `%USERPROFILE%\.gitconfig`.
+
+##### Using different accounts within a repository
+
+If you generally use one account for an Azure DevOps organization, the default
+global bindings will be sufficient. However, if you wish to use a different
+user account for an organization in a particular repository you can use a local
+binding.
+
+Local account bindings only apply within a single repository and are stored in
+the `.git/config` file. If there are local bindings in a repository you can show
+them with the `list` command:
+
+```shell
+~/myrepo$ git-credential-manager-core azure-repos list
+contoso:
+  (global) -> [email protected]
+  (local)  -> [email protected]
+```
+
+Within the `~/myrepo` repository, the `[email protected]` account will be
+used by Git and GCM for the `contoso` Azure DevOps organization.
+
+To create a local binding, use the `bind` command with the `--local` option when
+inside a repository:
+
+```shell
+~/myrepo$ git-credential-manager-core azure-repos bind --local contoso [email protected]
+```
+
+```diff
+  contoso:
+    (global) -> [email protected]
++   (local)  -> [email protected]
+```
+
+##### Forget an account
+
+To have Git Credential Manager forget a user account, use the `unbind` command:
+
+```shell
+git-credential-manager-core azure-repos unbind fabrikam
+```
+
+```diff
+  contoso:
+    (global) -> [email protected]
+- fabrikam:
+-   (global) -> [email protected]
+```
+
+In the above example, and global account binding for the `fabrikam` organization
+will be forgotten. The next time you need to renew a PAT (if using PATs) or
+perform any remote Git operation (is using Azure tokens) you will be prompted
+to authenticate again.
+
+To forget or remove a local binding, within the repository run the `unbind`
+command with the `--local` option:
+
+```shell
+~/myrepo$ git-credential-manager-core azure-repos unbind --local contoso
+```
+
+```diff
+  contoso:
+    (global) -> [email protected]
+-   (local)  -> [email protected]
+```
+
+##### Using different accounts for specific Git remotes
+
+As well as global and local user account bindings, you can instruct Git
+Credential Manager to use a specific user account for an individual Git remotes
+within the same local repository.
+
+To show which accounts are being used for each Git remote in a repository use
+the `list` command with the `--show-remotes` option:
+
+```shell
+~/myrepo$ git-credential-manager-core azure-repos list --show-remotes
+contoso:
+  (global) -> [email protected]
+  origin:
+    (fetch) -> (inherit)
+    (push)  -> (inherit)
+fabrikam:
+  (global) -> [email protected]
+```
+
+In the above example, the `~/myrepo` repository has a single Git remote named
+`origin` that points to the `contoso` Azure DevOps organziation. There is no
+user account specifically associated with the `origin` remote, so the global
+user account binding for `contoso` will be used (the global binding is
+inherited).
+
+To associate a user account with a particular Git remote you must manually edit
+the remote URL using `git config` commands to include the username in the
+[user information](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.1) part of
+the URL.
+
+```shell
+git config --local remote.origin.url https://alice-alt%[email protected]/project/_git/repo
+```
+
+In the above example the `[email protected]` account is being set as the
+account to use for the `origin` Git remote.
+
+---
+
+**Note:** All special characters must be URL encoded/escaped, for example `@`
+becomes `%40`.
+
+---
+
+The `list --show-remotes` command will show the user account specified in the
+remote URL:
+
+```shell
+~/myrepo$ git-credential-manager-core azure-repos list --show-remotes
+contoso:
+  (global) -> [email protected]
+  origin:
+    (fetch) -> [email protected]
+    (push)  -> [email protected]
+fabrikam:
+  (global) -> [email protected]
+```

docs/usage.md

@@ -33,5 +33,7 @@ Set your user-level Git configuration (`~/.gitconfig`) to use GCM Core. If you p
 
 ### azure-repos (experimental)
 
-Interact with the Azure Repos host provider to manage the authentication
-authority cache.
+Interact with the Azure Repos host provider to bind/unbind user accounts to Azure DevOps
+organizations or specific remote URLs, and manage the authentication authority cache.
+
+For more information about managing user account bindings see [here](azrepos-users-and-tokens.md#useraccounts).