Introduce make targets for sast and address security issues.

[thiyyakat]

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR introduces two make targets: sast and sast-report to run gosec for Static Application Security Testing. Additionally, it also addresses the security vulnerabilities in the repository. It uses the default ruleset of gosec from gardener/gardener as introduced in gardener/gardener#9959. It also leverages the install-gosec.sh script present in the MCM repository to install gosec before testing.
make sast-report has also been added to the check script.

The PR also updates the go lang version to 1.23.3.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Partially fixes MCM Issue #948

Special notes for your reviewer:
make check , make test-unit, and make test-integration passed successfully.

Release note:

Added `gosec` for Static Application Security Testing (SAST).

Updated go lang version to `1.23.3`

The `gardener/machine-controller-manager` dependency has been updated to `v0.55.1`. [Release Notes](https://redirect.github.com/gardener/machine-controller-manager/releases/tag/v0.55.1)

[gardener-robot-ci-3]

Thank you @thiyyakat for your contribution. Before I can start building your PR, a member of the organization must set the required label(s) {'reviewed/ok-to-test'}. Once started, you can check the build status in the PR checks section below.

[rishabh-11]

/lgtm

Thanks for the changes