Fixed #34944 -- Made GeneratedField.output_field required.

Regression in f333e35.

django/db/models/fields/generated.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class GeneratedField(Field):
     _resolved_expression = None
     output_field = None
 
-    def __init__(self, *, expression, db_persist=None, output_field=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *, expression, output_field, db_persist=None, **kwargs):
         if kwargs.setdefault("editable", False):
             raise ValueError("GeneratedField cannot be editable.")
         if not kwargs.setdefault("blank", True):
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def __init__(self, *, expression, db_persist=None, output_field=None, **kwargs):
             raise ValueError("GeneratedField.db_persist must be True or False.")
 
         self.expression = expression
-        self._output_field = output_field
+        self.output_field = output_field
         self.db_persist = db_persist
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
@@ -51,11 +51,6 @@ def contribute_to_class(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self._resolved_expression = self.expression.resolve_expression(
             self._query, allow_joins=False
         )
-        self.output_field = (
-            self._output_field
-            if self._output_field is not None
-            else self._resolved_expression.output_field
-        )
         # Register lookups from the output_field class.
         for lookup_name, lookup in self.output_field.get_class_lookups().items():
             self.register_lookup(lookup, lookup_name=lookup_name)
@@ -150,8 +145,7 @@ def deconstruct(self):
         del kwargs["editable"]
         kwargs["db_persist"] = self.db_persist
         kwargs["expression"] = self.expression
-        if self._output_field is not None:
-            kwargs["output_field"] = self._output_field
+        kwargs["output_field"] = self.output_field
         return name, path, args, kwargs
 
     def get_internal_type(self):

docs/ref/models/fields.txt

@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ when :attr:`~django.forms.Field.localize` is ``False`` or
 
 .. versionadded:: 5.0
 
-.. class:: GeneratedField(expression, db_persist=None, output_field=None, **kwargs)
+.. class:: GeneratedField(expression, output_field, db_persist=None, **kwargs)
 
 A field that is always computed based on other fields in the model. This field
 is managed and updated by the database itself. Uses the ``GENERATED ALWAYS``
@@ -1259,6 +1259,10 @@ materialized view.
     the model (in the same database table). Generated fields cannot reference
     other generated fields. Database backends can impose further restrictions.
 
+.. attribute:: GeneratedField.output_field
+
+    A model field instance to define the field's data type.
+
 .. attribute:: GeneratedField.db_persist
 
     Determines if the database column should occupy storage as if it were a
@@ -1268,12 +1272,6 @@ materialized view.
     PostgreSQL only supports persisted columns. Oracle only supports virtual
     columns.
 
-.. attribute:: GeneratedField.output_field
-
-    An optional model field instance to define the field's data type. This can
-    be used to customize attributes like the field's collation. By default, the
-    output field is derived from ``expression``.
-
 .. admonition:: Refresh the data
 
     Since the database always computed the value, the object must be reloaded

docs/releases/5.0.txt

@@ -142,7 +142,11 @@ to create a field that is always computed from other fields. For example::
 
     class Square(models.Model):
         side = models.IntegerField()
-        area = models.GeneratedField(expression=F("side") * F("side"), db_persist=True)
+        area = models.GeneratedField(
+            expression=F("side") * F("side"),
+            output_field=models.BigIntegerField(),
+            db_persist=True,
+        )
 
 More options for declaring field choices
 ----------------------------------------

tests/admin_views/models.py

@@ -1147,6 +1147,7 @@ class Square(models.Model):
     area = models.GeneratedField(
         db_persist=True,
         expression=models.F("side") * models.F("side"),
+        output_field=models.BigIntegerField(),
     )
 
     class Meta:

tests/invalid_models_tests/test_ordinary_fields.py

@@ -1216,7 +1216,9 @@ def test_not_supported(self):
         class Model(models.Model):
             name = models.IntegerField()
             field = models.GeneratedField(
-                expression=models.F("name"), db_persist=db_persist
+                expression=models.F("name"),
+                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                db_persist=db_persist,
             )
 
         expected_errors = []
@@ -1252,7 +1254,11 @@ class Model(models.Model):
     def test_not_supported_stored_required_db_features(self):
         class Model(models.Model):
             name = models.IntegerField()
-            field = models.GeneratedField(expression=models.F("name"), db_persist=True)
+            field = models.GeneratedField(
+                expression=models.F("name"),
+                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                db_persist=True,
+            )
 
             class Meta:
                 required_db_features = {"supports_stored_generated_columns"}
@@ -1262,7 +1268,11 @@ class Meta:
     def test_not_supported_virtual_required_db_features(self):
         class Model(models.Model):
             name = models.IntegerField()
-            field = models.GeneratedField(expression=models.F("name"), db_persist=False)
+            field = models.GeneratedField(
+                expression=models.F("name"),
+                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                db_persist=False,
+            )
 
             class Meta:
                 required_db_features = {"supports_virtual_generated_columns"}
@@ -1273,7 +1283,11 @@ class Meta:
     def test_not_supported_virtual(self):
         class Model(models.Model):
             name = models.IntegerField()
-            field = models.GeneratedField(expression=models.F("name"), db_persist=False)
+            field = models.GeneratedField(
+                expression=models.F("name"),
+                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                db_persist=False,
+            )
             a = models.TextField()
 
         excepted_errors = (
@@ -1298,7 +1312,11 @@ class Model(models.Model):
     def test_not_supported_stored(self):
         class Model(models.Model):
             name = models.IntegerField()
-            field = models.GeneratedField(expression=models.F("name"), db_persist=True)
+            field = models.GeneratedField(
+                expression=models.F("name"),
+                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                db_persist=True,
+            )
             a = models.TextField()
 
         expected_errors = (

tests/migrations/test_operations.py

@@ -5664,10 +5664,14 @@ def assertModelsAndTables(after_db):
     def _test_invalid_generated_field_changes(self, db_persist):
         regular = models.IntegerField(default=1)
         generated_1 = models.GeneratedField(
-            expression=F("pink") + F("pink"), db_persist=db_persist
+            expression=F("pink") + F("pink"),
+            output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+            db_persist=db_persist,
         )
         generated_2 = models.GeneratedField(
-            expression=F("pink") + F("pink") + F("pink"), db_persist=db_persist
+            expression=F("pink") + F("pink") + F("pink"),
+            output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+            db_persist=db_persist,
         )
         tests = [
             ("test_igfc_1", regular, generated_1),
@@ -5707,12 +5711,20 @@ def test_invalid_generated_field_persistency_change(self):
             migrations.AddField(
                 "Pony",
                 "modified_pink",
-                models.GeneratedField(expression=F("pink"), db_persist=True),
+                models.GeneratedField(
+                    expression=F("pink"),
+                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    db_persist=True,
+                ),
             ),
             migrations.AlterField(
                 "Pony",
                 "modified_pink",
-                models.GeneratedField(expression=F("pink"), db_persist=False),
+                models.GeneratedField(
+                    expression=F("pink"),
+                    output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                    db_persist=False,
+                ),
             ),
         ]
         msg = (
@@ -5729,7 +5741,9 @@ def _test_add_generated_field(self, db_persist):
             "Pony",
             "modified_pink",
             models.GeneratedField(
-                expression=F("pink") + F("pink"), db_persist=db_persist
+                expression=F("pink") + F("pink"),
+                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                db_persist=db_persist,
             ),
         )
         project_state, new_state = self.make_test_state(app_label, operation)
@@ -5760,7 +5774,9 @@ def _test_remove_generated_field(self, db_persist):
             "Pony",
             "modified_pink",
             models.GeneratedField(
-                expression=F("pink") + F("pink"), db_persist=db_persist
+                expression=F("pink") + F("pink"),
+                output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+                db_persist=db_persist,
             ),
         )
         project_state, new_state = self.make_test_state(app_label, operation)

tests/model_fields/models.py

@@ -485,7 +485,11 @@ class UUIDGrandchild(UUIDChild):
 class GeneratedModel(models.Model):
     a = models.IntegerField()
     b = models.IntegerField()
-    field = models.GeneratedField(expression=F("a") + F("b"), db_persist=True)
+    field = models.GeneratedField(
+        expression=F("a") + F("b"),
+        output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+        db_persist=True,
+    )
 
     class Meta:
         required_db_features = {"supports_stored_generated_columns"}
@@ -494,7 +498,11 @@ class Meta:
 class GeneratedModelVirtual(models.Model):
     a = models.IntegerField()
     b = models.IntegerField()
-    field = models.GeneratedField(expression=F("a") + F("b"), db_persist=False)
+    field = models.GeneratedField(
+        expression=F("a") + F("b"),
+        output_field=models.IntegerField(),
+        db_persist=False,
+    )
 
     class Meta:
         required_db_features = {"supports_virtual_generated_columns"}
@@ -503,6 +511,7 @@ class Meta:
 class GeneratedModelParams(models.Model):
     field = models.GeneratedField(
         expression=Value("Constant", output_field=models.CharField(max_length=10)),
+        output_field=models.CharField(max_length=10),
         db_persist=True,
     )
 
@@ -513,14 +522,15 @@ class Meta:
 class GeneratedModelParamsVirtual(models.Model):
     field = models.GeneratedField(
         expression=Value("Constant", output_field=models.CharField(max_length=10)),
+        output_field=models.CharField(max_length=10),
         db_persist=False,
     )
 
     class Meta:
         required_db_features = {"supports_virtual_generated_columns"}
 
 
-class GeneratedModelOutputField(models.Model):
+class GeneratedModelOutputFieldDbCollation(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
     lower_name = models.GeneratedField(
         expression=Lower("name"),
@@ -532,7 +542,7 @@ class Meta:
         required_db_features = {"supports_stored_generated_columns"}
 
 
-class GeneratedModelOutputFieldVirtual(models.Model):
+class GeneratedModelOutputFieldDbCollationVirtual(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
     lower_name = models.GeneratedField(
         expression=Lower("name"),
@@ -547,7 +557,10 @@ class Meta:
 class GeneratedModelNull(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True)
     lower_name = models.GeneratedField(
-        expression=Lower("name"), db_persist=True, null=True
+        expression=Lower("name"),
+        output_field=models.CharField(max_length=10),
+        db_persist=True,
+        null=True,
     )
 
     class Meta:
@@ -557,7 +570,10 @@ class Meta:
 class GeneratedModelNullVirtual(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True)
     lower_name = models.GeneratedField(
-        expression=Lower("name"), db_persist=False, null=True
+        expression=Lower("name"),
+        output_field=models.CharField(max_length=10),
+        db_persist=False,
+        null=True,
     )
 
     class Meta: