Allow using pandas.StringDtype to support on-demand features with STRING type

[pyalex]

Signed-off-by: pyalex [email protected]

What this PR does / why we need it:

Currently it's impossible to create on demand feature view with feature of type string since type inference doesn't support
pandas.StringDtype and dtype object. This PR adds support for pandas.StringDtype. Now string feature can be defined as following:

    @on_demand_feature_view(
        inputs={"date_request": date_request},
        features=[
            Feature("string_output", ValueType.STRING),
        ],
    )
    def test_view_with_missing_feature(features_df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
        data = pd.DataFrame()
        data["string_output"] = features_df["some_date"].astype(pd.StringDtype())
        return data

Also during inference, we now raise ValueError with some details instead of AssertionError, which was confusing.
Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #2220

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

Support for pandas.StringDtype during type inference for on demand feature view

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #2229 (176e2a5) into master (428c145) will decrease coverage by 25.06%.
The diff coverage is 60.00%.

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2229       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   84.94%   59.88%   -25.07%     
===========================================
  Files         105      105               
  Lines        8496     8512       +16     
===========================================
- Hits         7217     5097     -2120     
- Misses       1279     3415     +2136     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integrationtests	?
unittests	59.88% <60.00%> (+0.15%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
sdk/python/feast/type_map.py	46.09% <17.64%> (-20.32%)	⬇️
...n/tests/integration/registration/test_inference.py	82.45% <100.00%> (-17.55%)	⬇️
.../integration/online_store/test_online_retrieval.py	17.39% <0.00%> (-82.61%)	⬇️
.../integration/online_store/test_universal_online.py	15.20% <0.00%> (-82.49%)	⬇️
...fline_store/test_universal_historical_retrieval.py	19.18% <0.00%> (-80.82%)	⬇️
sdk/python/tests/utils/online_read_write_test.py	20.68% <0.00%> (-79.32%)	⬇️
...gration/registration/test_feature_service_apply.py	31.25% <0.00%> (-68.75%)	⬇️
sdk/python/feast/infra/online_stores/redis.py	26.97% <0.00%> (-67.11%)	⬇️
sdk/python/tests/data/data_creator.py	34.78% <0.00%> (-65.22%)	⬇️
sdk/python/tests/integration/e2e/test_usage_e2e.py	35.00% <0.00%> (-65.00%)	⬇️
... and 52 more

---

Continue to review full report at Codecov.

Legend - Click here to learn more
Δ = absolute <relative> (impact), ø = not affected, ? = missing data
Powered by Codecov. Last update 428c145...176e2a5. Read the comment docs.

[felixwang9817]

/lgtm

[feast-ci-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: felixwang9817, pyalex

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

The pull request process is described here

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [felixwang9817]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment