Standardization check for entropy of observations (#2366)

Summary:

Ads a standardization check to the entropy of observations metric, which assumes standardization implicitly to choose a sensible default bandwidth for the kernel density estimator.

Differential Revision: D56105162

ax/utils/stats/model_fit_stats.py

@@ -5,12 +5,18 @@
 
 # pyre-strict
 
+from logging import Logger
 from typing import Dict, Mapping, Optional, Protocol
 
 import numpy as np
+
+from ax.utils.common.logger import get_logger
 from scipy.stats import fisher_exact, norm, pearsonr, spearmanr
 from sklearn.neighbors import KernelDensity
 
+
+logger: Logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
 """
 ################################ Model Fit Metrics ###############################
 """
@@ -140,8 +146,8 @@ def entropy_of_observations(
 
     Args:
         y_obs: An array of observations for a single metric.
-        y_pred: An array of the predicted values corresponding to y_obs.
-        se_pred: An array of the standard errors of the predicted values.
+        y_pred: Unused.
+        se_pred: Unused.
         bandwidth: The kernel bandwidth. Defaults to 0.1, which is a reasonable value
             for standardized outcomes y_obs. The rank ordering of the results on a set
             of y_obs data sets is not generally sensitive to the bandwidth, if it is
@@ -153,6 +159,11 @@ def entropy_of_observations(
     """
     if y_obs.ndim == 1:
         y_obs = y_obs[:, np.newaxis]
+
+    # Check if standardization was applied to the observations.
+    y_std = np.std(y_obs, axis=0, ddof=1)
+    if np.any(y_std < 0.5) or np.any(2.0 < y_std):  # allowing a fudge factor of 2.
+        logger.warning("Standardization of observations was not applied.")
     return _entropy_via_kde(y_obs, bandwidth=bandwidth)
 
 

ax/utils/stats/tests/test_model_fit_stats.py

@@ -46,6 +46,22 @@ def test_entropy_of_observations(self) -> None:
         # ordering of entropies stays the same, though the difference is smaller
         self.assertTrue(er2 - ec2 > 3)
 
+        # test warning if y is not standardized
+        module_name = "ax.utils.stats.model_fit_stats"
+        expected_warning = (
+            "WARNING:ax.utils.stats.model_fit_stats:Standardization"
+            " of observations was not applied."
+        )
+        with self.assertLogs(module_name, level="WARNING") as logger:
+            ec = entropy_of_observations(y_obs=10 * yc, y_pred=ones, se_pred=ones)
+            self.assertEqual(len(logger.output), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(logger.output[0], expected_warning)
+
+        with self.assertLogs(module_name, level="WARNING") as logger:
+            ec = entropy_of_observations(y_obs=yc / 10, y_pred=ones, se_pred=ones)
+            self.assertEqual(len(logger.output), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(logger.output[0], expected_warning)
+
     def test_contingency_table_construction(self) -> None:
         # Create a dummy set of observations and predictions
         y_obs = np.array([1, 3, 2, 5, 7, 3])